PBDB Taxon

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Kawina

Trilobita - Phacopida - Cheiruridae

Taxonomy

Kawina was named by Barton (1916). Its type is Pseudosphaerexochus vulcanus.

It was assigned to Phacopida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Cheiruridae by Jell and Adrain (2002).

Species

K. arnoldi, K. chazyensis, K. divergens, K. griphus, K. limbata, K. mercurius, K. prolificus, K. prominulus, K. scrobiculus, K. sinica, K. torulus, K. trentonensis, K. vulcanus, K. webbi, K. wilsoni

Synonyms

Cydonocephalus was named by Whittington (1963) [Sepkoski's age data: O Llvi-l Sepkoski's reference number: 383]. It was considered paraphyletic by Congreve and Lieberman (2011).

It was synonymized subjectively with Kawina by Adrain and Fortey (1997), Jell and Adrain (2002), Congreve and Lieberman (2011).

It was assigned to Phacopida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1916	Kawina Barton
1963	Cydonocephalus Whittington p. 97
2002	Kawina Jell and Adrain p. 391
2002	Cydonocephalus Sepkoski
2002	Kawina Sepkoski

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829

Rank	Name	Author
subphylum	Artiopoda	(Hou and Bergstrom)
class	Trilobita	Walch 1771
order	Phacopida	Salter 1864
suborder	Cheirurina	Harrington and Leanza 1957
family	Cheiruridae	Hawle and Corda 1847
genus	Kawina	Barton 1916

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Kawina Barton 1916

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†Kawina arnoldi Whittington 1963

†Kawina chazyensis Raymond 1905

†Kawina divergens Reed 1945

†Kawina griphus Whittington 1963

†Kawina limbata Whittington 1963

†Kawina mercurius Billings 1865

†Kawina prolificus Billings 1865

†Kawina prominulus Whittington 1963

†Kawina scrobiculus Whittington 1963

†Kawina sinica Zhou et al. 2014

†Kawina torulus Whittington 1963

†Kawina trentonensis Clarke 1897

†Kawina vulcanus Billings 1865

†Kawina webbi Hintze 1953

†Kawina wilsoni Ross, Jr. 1972

Invalid names: Cydonocephalus Whittington 1963 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

low Mg calcitec

Composition 2:

chitinc

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100g

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Spines:

minorg

Ontogeny:

molting, addition of partsc

Environment:

marinec

Locomotion:

fast-movingc

Life habit:

low-level epifaunalc

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

well-developedg

Comments:

BODY SIZE: Data from Harrington et al. (1959).g

Created:

2009-06-10 09:20:17

Modified:

2010-01-11 07:53:00

Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class

References: Hendy 2009, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Blackhillsian to the top of the Llanvirn or 475.30000 to 458.20000 Ma

Collections (50 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Cassinian	483.4 - 471.3	United Kingdom (Scotland)	K. sp. (75589)
Arenigian - Llanvirn	477.1 - 458.2	Canada (Northwest Territories)	K. sp. (25285)
Billingen	475.6 - 471.3	Norway (Spitsbergen)	Cydonocephalus sp. (106473)
Blackhillsian	475.3 - 471.3	USA (Utah)	K. sp. (295) K. webbi (63929)
Rangerian	471.3 - 470.3	USA (Utah)	K. wilsoni (37462)
Rangerian	471.3 - 470.3	USA (California)	Cydonocephalus sp. (104638)
Rangerian	471.3 - 470.3	USA (Nevada)	Cydonocephalus sp. (297 104448) K. sp. (80067 104450 104461) K. wilsoni (80059 104654)
Castlemainian - Yapeenian	471.3 - 469.4	Ireland	K. divergens (153922)
Dapingian	471.3 - 469.4	USA (California)	Cydonocephalus scrobiculus (104639)
Chazyan	471.3 - 457.3	USA (New York)	Pseudosphaerexochus chazyensis (56215 172226 172310)
Chazyan	471.3 - 457.3	Canada (Quebec)	K. sp. (305 311 435)
Chazyan	471.3 - 457.3	Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)	Cydonocephalus sp. (104861)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	Canada (Northwest Territories)	Cydonocephalus torulus (102252 102258 102259 102262 102265)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	USA (New York)	K. chazyensis (103011 103014)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	USA (Vermont)	K. chazyensis (103298)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	USA (Oklahoma)	K. sp. (105623 105625)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)	K. sp. (104863) K. sp., Cydonocephalus torulus, K. vulcanus, K. limbata, K. arnoldi, Cydonocephalus griphus, Cydonocephalus scrobiculus, Cydonocephalus prolificus, Cydonocephalus prominulus, Cydonocephalus mercurius (104752)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	Norway (Spitsbergen)	K. sp. A, K. sp. B, K. wilsoni (106480)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	Canada (Quebec)	K. sp. (111361 111461)
Whiterockian	471.3 - 457.3	USA (Nevada)	Cydonocephalus sp. (104451 104457) K. sp. (80055 80073 104449) K. wilsoni (14232 80062)
Darriwilian	469.4 - 458.2	China	Cydonocephalus sp., K. sp. (154901)
Darriwilian	469.4 - 458.2	China (Xinjiang)	K. sp., K. sinica (188380)
Llanvirn	468.0 - 458.2	Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador)	K. sp. (78097) K. sp., K. arnoldi (78099)
Llandeilo - Caradoc	461.1 - 449.5	Canada (Northwest Territories)	K. sp. (316)