PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Thylacocephala

Taxonomy

Thylacocephala was named by Pinna et al. (1982).

It was assigned to Arthropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Eucrustacea by Haug et al. (2014).

Subtaxa

Ainiktozoon, Ankitokazocaris (syn. Parisicaris, Miyagicaris, Kitakamicaris), Concavicarida, Conchyliocarida, Eodollocaris, Ligulacaris, Paraostenia, Polzia, Rugocaris, Silesicaris, Thylacares, Victoriacaris

Synonyms

Silesicaris was named by Gürich (1929) [Sepkoski's age data: Cm l.]. It is not extant.

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Thylacocephala by Schram (2014).

It was assigned to Malacostraca by Bengtson (1992); and to Conchyliocarida by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1929	Silesicaris Gürich
1982	Thylacocephala Pinna et al.
1992	Silesicaris Bengtson p. 1022
2002	Silesicaris Sepkoski
2002	Thylacocephala Sepkoski
2014	Thylacocephala Haug et al. p. 3

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Latreille 1829

Rank	Name	Author
—	Deuteropoda
—	Mandibulata
—	Pancrustacea	Zrzavý and Štys 1997
subphylum	Crustacea	Brünnich 1772
—	Eucrustacea	Kingsley 1894
class	Thylacocephala	Pinna et al. 1982
class	Thylacocephala	Pinna et al. 1982

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. †Thylacocephala Pinna et al. 1982

show all | hide all

G. †Ainiktozoon Scourfield 1937

†Ainiktozoon loganense Scourfield 1937

G. †Ankitokazocaris Arduini 1990

†Ankitokazocaris acutirostris Arduini 1990

†Ankitokazocaris bandoi Ehiro and Kato 2015

†Ankitokazocaris chaohuensis Ji et al. 2017

Invalid names: Ankitokazocaris tatensis Ehiro et al. 2019 [synonym]

†Ankitokazocaris parva Ehiro et al. 2019

†Ankitokazocaris triassica Charbonnier 2019

†Ankitokazocaris utatsuensis Ehiro and Kato 2015

Invalid names: Miyagicaris costata Ehiro et al. 2019 [synonym]

Invalid names: Kitakamicaris Ehiro and Kato 2015 [synonym], Miyagicaris Ehiro et al. 2019 [synonym], Parisicaris Charbonnier 2019 [synonym]

Or. †Concavicarida Briggs and Rolfe 1983

Fm. †Austriocarididae Schram 2014

G. †Austriocaris Glaessner 1931

†Austriocaris carinata Glaessner 1931

†Austriocaris striata Glaessner 1931

G. †Yangzicaris Shen 1983

†Yangzicaris xiangxiensis Shen 1983

Fm. †Clausocarididae Arduini 1992

G. †Clausocaris Polz 1989

†Clausocaris lithographica Oppenheim 1888

†Clausocaris pinnae Arduini 1992

†Clausocaris ribeti Secretan 1985

Invalid names: Clausia [replaced]

G. †Convexicaris Schram 1990

†Convexicaris mazonensis Schram 1990

Fm. †Concavicarididae Schram 2014

G. †Concavicaris Rolfe 1961

†Concavicaris bradleyi Meek 1872

†Concavicaris campi Briggs and Rolfe 1983

†Concavicaris desiderata Barrande 1872

†Concavicaris elytroides Meek 1872

†Concavicaris georgeorum Schram 1990

†Concavicaris glenisteri Briggs and Rolfe 1983

†Concavicaris incola Chlupac 1963

†Concavicaris milesi Briggs and Rolfe 1983

†Concavicaris playfordi Briggs and Rolfe 1983

†Concavicaris remipes Schram 1990

†Concavicaris sinuata Meek and Worthen 1868

†Concavicaris woodfordi Cooper 1979

Invalid names: Colpocaris Meek 1872 [replaced]

G. †Harrycaris Briggs and Rolfe 1983

†Harrycaris whittingtoni Briggs and Rolfe 1983

Fm. †Microcarididae Schram 2014

G. †Atropicaris Arduini and Brasca 1984

†Atropicaris rostrata Arduini and Brasca 1984

G. †Ferrecaris Calzada and Mane 1993

†Ferrecaris magransi Calzada and Mane 1993

G. †Microcaris Pinna 1974

†Microcaris minuta Pinna 1974

G. †Thylacocephalus Lange et al. 2003

†Thylacocephalus cymalopos Lange et al. 2003

Fm. †Protozoeidae Schram 2014

G. †Protozoea Dames 1886

†Protozoea damesi Roger 1946

†Protozoea hilgendorfi Dames 1836

G. †Pseuderichthus Dames 1836

†Pseuderichthus cretaceous Dames 1836

Or. †Conchyliocarida Secretan 1985

Fm. †Dollocarididae Schram 2014

G. †Dollocaris van Straelen 1923

†Dollocaris ingens van Straelen 1923

†Dollocaris michelorum Polz 2001

G. †Mayrocaris Polz 1994

†Mayrocaris bucculata Polz 1994

Fm. †Ostenocarididae Schram 2014

G. †Kilianocaris van Straelen 1923

†Kilianocaris lericheri van Straelen 1923

G. †Ostenocaris Arduini et al. 1984

†Ostenocaris cypriformis Arduini et al. 1980

G. †Eodollocaris Laville et al. 2021

†Eodollocaris keithflinti Laville et al. 2021

G. †Ligulacaris Charbonnier 2019

†Ligulacaris parisiana Charbonnier 2019

G. †Paraostenia Secretan 1985

†Paraostenia ambatolokobensis Arduini 1990

†Paraostenia voultensis Secretan 1985

G. †Polzia Hegna et al. 2014

†Polzia eldoctorensis Hegna et al. 2014

G. †Rugocaris Tintori et al. 1986

†Rugocaris indunensis Tintori et al. 1986

G. †Thylacares Haug et al. 2014

†Thylacares brandonensis Haug et al. 2014

G. †Victoriacaris Hegna et al. 2014

†Victoriacaris muhiensis Hegna et al. 2014

Invalid names: Silesicaris Gürich 1929 [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

nektobenthicc

Diet:

omnivorec

Vision:

well-developedc

Comments:

Data from personal opinion (Lin, pers. comm.)c

Created:

2009-04-21 09:54:11

Modified:

2010-02-06 06:20:58

Source: c = class

Reference: Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Telychian to the top of the Late/Upper Santonian or 438.50000 to 83.50000 Ma

Collections (26 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Telychian	438.5 - 433.4	USA (Wisconsin)	Thylacocephala indet., Concavicarida indet., Thylacocephala indet. (91415)
Frasnian	382.7 - 372.2	Australia (Western Australia)	Concavicaris elytroides (225149)
Kinderhookian	358.9 - 352.0	USA (Indiana)	Concavicaris sp. (6730)
Westphalian D	309.8 - 307.5	USA (Illinois)	Concavicaris georgeorum, Convexicaris mazonensis, Eodollocaris keithflinti (112637)
Missourian	306.0 - 303.7	USA (Iowa)	Concavicaris sinuata (51016)
Missourian	306.0 - 303.7	USA (Nebraska)	Concavicaris sinuata (50933 51008 51013)
Spathian	251.3 - 247.2	USA (Idaho)	Parisicaris triassica, Ligulacaris parisiana (202191) Thylacocephala indet. 1, Thylacocephala indet. 2 (202145) Thylacocephala indet., Ankitokazocaris triassica (211751)
Spathian	251.3 - 247.2	USA (Nevada)	Ligulacaris parisiana (211753)
Spathian	251.3 - 247.2	Japan	Kitakamicaris utatsuensis (107621) Ostenocaris sp., Ankitokazocaris bandoi, Kitakamicaris utatsuensis (173664)
Spathian	251.3 - 247.2	China (Anhui)	Ankitokazocaris chaohuensis (186557)
Pelsonian	247.2 - 242.0	Slovenia	Microcaris minuta (166628)
Julian	235.0 - 232.0	Austria	Austriocaris carinata, Austriocaris striata (118111)
Alaunian	215.56 - 212.0	Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia)	Microcaris minuta (83370)
Alaunian	215.56 - 212.0	Italy (Lombardia)	Microcaris minuta (59639)
Bucklandi	196.5 - 189.6	Italy	Ostenocaris cypriformis (90673)
Early/Lower Callovian	164.7 - 161.2	France	Dollocaris inges, Kilianocaris lerichei, Clausia ribeti, Paraostenia voultensis (58221)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian	155.7 - 150.8	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Mayrocaris bucculata (154138)
Early/Lower Tithonian	150.8 - 145.0	Germany	Mayrocaris bucculata, Clausocaris lithographica (122880)
Albian - Cenomanian	113.0 - 93.9	Mexico (Hidalgo)	Victoriacaris muhiensis, Polzia eldoctorensis (135815)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.8 - 83.5	Lebanon	Protozoea hilgendorfi (213175) Pseuderichthus cretaceus, Protozoea hilgendorfi (221157)