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Balanus (barnacle)

Thecostraca - Balanomorpha - Balanidae

Taxonomy
Balanus was named by Da Costa (1778) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 1036]. It is extant. It is the type genus of Balanoidea.

It was assigned to Balanoidea by Holmes (1860); to Cirripedia by Sepkoski (2002); to Balanidae by Martin (1879), Martin (1904), Cornwall (1927), Yamaguchi (1980), McLaughlin et al. (2005); and to Balaninae by Ross and Newman (1967), Zullo (1984), Chan et al. (2021).

Species
B. (Balanus), B. abeli, B. albicostatus, B. amaryllis, B. amphitrite, B. asteroides, B. bloxhamensis, B. calidus, B. cantelli, B. citerosum, B. crenatus, B. dentivarians, B. eburneus, B. glandula, B. gregarius, B. halosydne, B. humilis, B. imitator, B. improvisus, B. kondakovi, B. leonensis, B. multiseptatus (syn. B. finchi), B. niveus, B. nubilus, B. ochlockonensis, B. ornatus, B. pallidus, B. patelliformis, B. polyporus, B. reticulatus, B. rostratus, B. scutorum, B. shilohensis, B. silverdalensis, B. subalbidus, B. tintinnabulum (syn. B. coosensis), B. trigonus, B. vadaszi, B. venustus
Species lacking formal opinion data
B. amphitite, B. amphitrite, B. apertus, B. balanoides, B. balanus, B. balanus, B. concabvus, B. concava, B. concavus, B. evermanni, B. foliatus, B. hameri, B. hammeri, B. hesperius, B. irradians, B. laevis, B. magniformis, B. maxillaris, B. newburnensis, B. nubilis, B. nutibilis, B. ochlockoneensis, B. peregrinus, B. perforatus, B. psittacus, B. rostratus, B. stellaris, B. subconicus, B. tintinabulum, B. tintinnabulum, B. transversostriatus, B. varians, B. vulcanellus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1778Balanus Da Costa
1860Balanus Holmes p. 7
1879Balanus Martin p. 131
1904Balanus Martin p. 94
1927Balanus Cornwall p. 400
1967Balanus Ross and Newman p. 4
1980Balanus Yamaguchi p. 1087
1984Balanus Zullo p. 1320
2002Balanus Sepkoski
2005Balanus McLaughlin et al. p. 42
2021Balanus Chan et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaGravenhorst 1843
subphylumCrustaceaBrünnich 1772
classThecostraca(Gruvel 1905)
RankNameAuthor
subclassCirripedia(Rafinesque 1816)
infraclassThoracica(Darwin 1854)
superorderThoracicalcarea()
orderBalanomorpha(Pilsbry 1916)
superfamilyBalanoideaLeach 1817
familyBalanidaeLeach 1817
subfamilyBalaninaeLeach 1817
genusBalanusDa Costa 1778

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Balanus Da Costa 1778 [barnacle]
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Subg. Balanus (Balanus) Da Costa 1778
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†Balanus abeli Lamy and André 1932
†Balanus albicostatus Pilsbry 1916
Balanus amaryllis Darwin 1854
Balanus amphitrite Darwin 1854
†Balanus asteroides Bohm 1926
†Balanus bloxhamensis Weisbord 1966
Balanus calidus Pilsbry 1916
†Balanus cantelli Newman 1982
†Balanus citerosum Henry 1974
Balanus crenatus Bruguière 1789 [wrinkled barnacle]
†Balanus dentivarians Henry 1974
Balanus eburneus Gould 1841
Balanus glandula Darwin 1854
†Balanus gregarius Conrad 1856
†Balanus halosydne Zullo et al. 1992
†Balanus humilis Conrad 1846
†Balanus imitator Zullo 1984
Balanus improvisus Darwin 1854
†Balanus kondakovi Tarasov and Zevina 1957
†Balanus leonensis Weisbord 1966
†Balanus multiseptatus Ross 1964
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Invalid names: Balanus finchi Lea 1833 [synonym]
†Balanus niveus Darwin 1854
Balanus nubilus Darwin 1854 [giant acorn barnacle]
†Balanus ochlockonensis Weisbord 1966
†Balanus ornatus Ponzi 1876
†Balanus pallidus Darwin 1854
†Balanus patelliformis Bruguière 1789
†Balanus polyporus Pilsbry 1924
Balanus reticulatus Utinomi 1967
Balanus rostratus Hoek 1883 [rostrate barnacle]
†Balanus scutorum Seguenza 1876
†Balanus shilohensis Pilsbry 1930
†Balanus silverdalensis Zullo 1984
Balanus subalbidus Henry 1974
Balanus tintinnabulum Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Balanus coosensis Dall 1909 [synonym]
Balanus trigonus Darwin 1854
†Balanus vadaszi Kolosvary 1949
Balanus venustus Darwin 1854
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: low Mg calcitef
Grouping: gregariousf
Locomotion: stationaryf
Attached: yesf
Epibiont: yesf
Life habit: epifaunalf
Diet: suspension feederf
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2008-03-04 07:41:07
Modified: 2008-03-04 09:41:07
Source: f = family, c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliensbachian to the top of the Holocene or 192.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 184.2 Ma

Collections (447 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pliensbachian192.9 - 184.2Canada (British Columbia) Balanus sp. (53089)
Paleocene - Oligocene66.0 - 23.04Belize (Toledo) Balanus sp. (217171 217174)
Ypresian56.0 - 48.07USA (Texas) Balanus sp. (83950)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Nigeria (Imo) Balanus sp. (42655)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Nigeria Balanus sp. (46260)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71Indonesia Balanus amphitrite, Balanus tintinnabulum, Balanus amaryllis (70102)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9USA (South Carolina) Balanus peregrinus (92435)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Balanus magniformis (39662) Balanus sp. (39676 40105)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Washington) Balanus sp. (91606)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Alabama) Balanus sp. (3538 3539)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Balanus sp. (149316)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Japan Balanus sp. (68894)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Oman (Dhofar) Balanus sp. (175334)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3USA (California) Balanus sp. (71191 71199)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (South Carolina) Balanus halosydne (66190 66191)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3Germany Balanus sp. (95898)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Washington) Balanus sp. (180418)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04Slovenia Balanus stellaris, Balanus crenatus, Balanus improvisus, Balanus tintinnabulum (87472)
Oligocene - Pliocene33.9 - 2.58Argentina (Santa Cruz) Balanus varians, Balanus psittacus (50076)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04USA (North Carolina) Balanus halosydne (66192 66195) Balanus sp. (71650)