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Nothosauridae
Taxonomy
Nothosauridae was named by Baur (1889). Its type is Brevicaudosaurus.
It was assigned to Sauropterygia by Lydekker (1889), Zittel (1890); to Nothosauri by Jaekel (1910); to Nothosauroidea by Nopsca (1928), Young (1965); to Nothosaurida by Kuhn (1971); to Eusauropterygia by Rieppel and Wild (1996); to Sauropterygia by Jiang et al. (2006); to Nothosauria by Carroll (1988), Rieppel (1994), Chrzastek (2008); to Eosauropterygia by Rieppel (1997), Rieppel (1998), Rieppel (2001), Albers and Rieppel (2003), Klein and Albers (2009); to Nothosauria by Kuhn (1946), Kuhn (1966), Rieppel et al. (1997), Liu et al. (2014); and to Nothosauria by Rieppel (2000), Hinz et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Sauropterygia by Lydekker (1889), Zittel (1890); to Nothosauri by Jaekel (1910); to Nothosauroidea by Nopsca (1928), Young (1965); to Nothosaurida by Kuhn (1971); to Eusauropterygia by Rieppel and Wild (1996); to Sauropterygia by Jiang et al. (2006); to Nothosauria by Carroll (1988), Rieppel (1994), Chrzastek (2008); to Eosauropterygia by Rieppel (1997), Rieppel (1998), Rieppel (2001), Albers and Rieppel (2003), Klein and Albers (2009); to Nothosauria by Kuhn (1946), Kuhn (1966), Rieppel et al. (1997), Liu et al. (2014); and to Nothosauria by Rieppel (2000), Hinz et al. (2019).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1885 | Nothosaurus cuvieri Quenstedt p. 215 figs. Plate 16, figs 2-6, 12-15 |
| 1889 | Nothosauridae Baur |
| 1889 | Nothosauridae Lydekker p. 287 |
| 1890 | Nothosauridae Zittel p. 478 |
| 1898 | Nothosaurus cuvieri Spangenberg p. 407 |
| 1910 | Nothosauridae Jaekel p. 335 |
| 1928 | Nothosauridae Nopsca p. 43 |
| 1946 | Nothosauridae Kuhn p. 59 |
| 1965 | Nothosauridae Young p. 344 |
| 1966 | Nothosauridae Kuhn p. 112 |
| 1971 | Nothosauridae Kuhn p. 18 |
| 1971 | Nothosaurus cuvieri Kuhn p. 18 |
| 1988 | Nothosauridae Carroll |
| 1994 | Nothosauridae Rieppel p. 10 fig. 1 |
| 1996 | Nothosauridae Rieppel and Wild p. 3 |
| 1997 | Nothosauridae Rieppel p. 15 |
| 1997 | Nothosauridae Rieppel et al. |
| 1998 | Nothosauridae Rieppel p. 27 |
| 2000 | Nothosauridae Rieppel |
| 2001 | Nothosauridae Rieppel |
| 2003 | Nothosauridae Albers and Rieppel p. 738 |
| 2006 | Nothosauridae Jiang et al. |
| 2008 | Nothosauridae Chrzastek p. 232 |
| 2009 | Nothosauridae Klein and Albers |
| 2014 | Nothosauridae Liu et al. |
| 2019 | Nothosauridae Hinz et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Nothosauridae Baur 1889
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G. †Germanosaurus Nopcsa 1928
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†Germanosaurus schafferi Arthaber 1924
Invalid names: Germanosaurus latissimus Gürich 1891 [nomen dubium]
G. †Lamprosauroides Schmidt 1927
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†Lamprosauroides goepperti Meyer 1860
Invalid names: Lamprosaurus Meyer 1860 [replaced]
G. †Metanothosaurus Yabe and Shikana 1948
Subfm. †Nothosaurinae Nopcsa 1923
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G. †Lariosaurus Curioni 1847
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†Lariosaurus balsami Curioni 1841
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Invalid names: Deirosaurus italicus Owen 1854 [synonym], Eupodosaurus longobardicus Boulenger 1891 [synonym], Macromirosaurus plini Curioni 1847 [synonym], Proneusticosaurus carinthiacus Arthaber 1924 [synonym]
†Lariosaurus buzzii Tschanz 1989
†Lariosaurus curionii Rieppel 1998
†Lariosaurus hongguoensis Jiang et al. 2006
†Lariosaurus juvenilis Edinger 1921
†Lariosaurus sanxiaensis Cheng 2016
†Lariosaurus teutonicus Diedrich 1996
†Lariosaurus valceresii Tintori and Renesto 1990
†Lariosaurus vosseveldensis Klein et al. 2016
†Lariosaurus winkelhorsti Klein and Albers 2009
†Lariosaurus xingyiensis Li et al. 2002
†Lariosaurus youngi Li and Rieppel 2004
Invalid names: Deirosaurus Owen 1854 [synonym], Eupodosaurus Boulenger 1891 [synonym], Lariosaurus lavizzarii Kuhn-Schnyder 1987 [nomen dubium], Macromerosauro Curioni 1863 [synonym], Macromerosaurus Cornalia 1854 [synonym], Macromirosaurus Curioni 1847 [synonym], Rhaeticonia Broili 1927 [synonym], Rhaeticonia rothpletzi Broili 1927 [nomen dubium], Silvestrosaurus Kuhn-Schnyder 1990 [synonym]
G. †Nothosaurus Münster 1834
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†Nothosaurus cristatus Hinz et al. 2019
†Nothosaurus cymatosauroides Sanz 1983
†Nothosaurus edingerae Schultze 1970
†Nothosaurus giganteus Münster 1834
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Invalid names: Nothosaurus aduncidens Meyer 1855 [synonym], Nothosaurus andriani Meyer 1839 [synonym], Nothosaurus angustifrons Meyer and Plieninger 1844 [synonym], Nothosaurus baruthicus Geissler 1895 [synonym], Nothosaurus chelydrops Fraas 1896 [synonym], Opeosaurus suevicus Meyer 1847 [synonym], Paranothosaurus amsleri Peyer 1939 [synonym]
†Nothosaurus haasi Rieppel et al. 1997
†Nothosaurus jagisteus Rieppel 2001
†Nothosaurus marchicus Koken 1893
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Invalid names: Nothosaurus crassus Schröder 1914 [synonym], Nothosaurus oldenburgi Schröder 1914 [synonym], Nothosaurus procerus Schröder 1914 [synonym], Nothosaurus raabi Schröder 1914 [synonym], Nothosaurus schroederi Huene 1944 [synonym], Nothosaurus winterswijkensis Albers and Rieppel 2003 [synonym]
†Nothosaurus mirabilis Münster 1834
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Invalid names: Dracosaurus bronni Auct 1834 [synonym], Nothosaurus bergeri Meyer 1834 [synonym], Nothosaurus muensteri Meyer 1847 [synonym]
†Nothosaurus occiduus Leidy 1870
†Nothosaurus rostellatus Shang 2006
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Invalid names: Nothosaurus rostellatus Shang 2006 [objective synonym]
†Nothosaurus tchernowi Haas 1980
†Nothosaurus yangjuanensis Jiang et al. 2006
†Nothosaurus zhangi Liu et al. 2014
Invalid names: Conchiosaurus clavatus Meyer 1833 [nomen dubium], Dracosaurus Munster 1834 [synonym], Elmosaurus Huene 1957 [synonym], Elmosaurus lelmensis Huene 1957 [nomen dubium], Kolposaurus Skuphos 1893 [synonym], Kolposaurus dichthadius Skuphos 1893 [nomen dubium], Metriorhynchus priscus Münster 1834 [nomen nudum], Nothosaurus hecki Fritsch 1894 [nomen dubium], Nothosaurus schimperi Meyer 1834 [nomen dubium], Nothosaurus unexpectus Young 1965 [nomen dubium], Nothosaurus venustus Munster 1834 [nomen dubium], Opeosaurus Meyer 1847 [synonym], Paranothosaurus Peyer 1939 [synonym], Plesiosaurus speciosus Munster 1834 [nomen nudum], Shingyisaurus Young 1965 [synonym], Simosaurus mougeoti Meyer 1847 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Nothosaurus cuvieri Quenstedt 1885 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| O. Rieppel and R. Wild 1996 | Small to large eusauropterygians with a distinctly constricted snout, pineal foramen displaced posteriorly; jugal excluded from posterior margin of orbit; maxillary tooth row extending to level of anterior margin of upper temporal fenestra or beyond; reduced dorsal exposure of prefrontal. | |
| O. Rieppel 1997 | Small to large eosauropterygians with a strongly depressed skull; snout constricted; dorsal exposure of prefrontal reduced; jugal (usually) excluded from posterior margin of orbit; premaxillary and anterior dentary fangs present. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Collections (108 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Olenekian | China (Hubei) | Lariosaurus sanxiaensis (100271) | |
| Olenekian - Anisian | Jordan (Janoobiah) | Nothosaurus sp. (201987) | |
| Anisian | Germany (Thuringia) | Nothosaurus mirabilis, Nothosaurus marchius (138118) | |
| Anisian | Poland | Germanosaurus latissimus (138068) Germanosaurus schafferi, Nothosaurus hecki, Kolposaurus dichthadius (63538) | |
| Anisian | Israel | Nothosaurus sp. (63939) | |
| Anisian | Germany | Nothosaurus hecki (138122) Nothosaurus schroederi, Nothosaurus crassus (138116) Nothosaurus sp. (138090) Nothosaurus sp., Nothosaurus giganteus (130793) | |
| Anisian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Conchiosaurus clavatus, Nothosaurus venustus (138114) Nothosaurus sp., Nothosauridae indet., Nothosaurus mirabilis, Nothosaurus hecki (138123) | |
| Anisian | Netherlands (Gelderland) | Nothosaurus sp., Nothosaurus winterswijkensis, Nothosaurus marchicus, Nothosaurus winkelhorsti, Lariosaurus vosseveldensis (96875) | |
| Anisian | China (Guizhou) | Nothosaurus rostellatus (98906) | |
| Anisian | Germany (Hessen) | Nothosaurus sp. (44358) | |
| Anisian - Ladinian | Switzerland (Kanton Tessin) | Paranothosaurus amsleri (86837) | |
| Anisian - Ladinian | Italy (Piedmont) | Nothosaurus juvenilis (86708) | |
| Middle Triassic | Bulgaria | Nothosaurus giganteus (138113) | |
| Middle Triassic | Israel | Nothosauridae indet. (28400) Nothosaurus tchernowi (109252) | |
| Middle Triassic | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Nothosaurus munsteri, Nothosaurus giganteus (39763) | |
| Pelsonian | China (Yunnan) | Nothosaurus zhangi (194777) | |
| Pelsonian | Italy (Trentino) | Nothosaurus sp. (99307) | |
| Pelsonian | China (Guizhou) | Lariosaurus hongguoensis (103539) Nothosaurus yangjuanensis (103987) | |
| Pelsonian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | Lariosaurus teutonicus (196513) | |
| Illyrian | Germany | Nothosaurus marchius, Nothosaurus oldenburgi, Nothosaurus procerus, Nothosaurus raabi (138117) | |
| Illyrian | Israel | Nothosaurus sp. (63945) | |
| Illyrian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Nothosaurus juvenilis (105185) | |
| Illyrian | Germany (Bavaria) | Lariosaurus buzzii (196168) | |
| Illyrian | Germany (Niedersachsen) | Nothosaurus sp. (139348) | |
| Illyrian - Fassanian | Switzerland | Lariosaurus buzzii (122057) | |
| Illyrian - Fassanian | Israel (Neguev) | Nothosaurus haasi (194778) | |
| Fassanian | Israel | Nothosaurus sp. (63949) | |
| Fassanian | Switzerland | Ceresiosaurus sp. (122066 180491 180492 180493 180497 180502 180515) | |
| Ladinian | Germany (Thuringia) | Lariosaurus buzzii, Nothosaurus marchius, Nothosaurus sp. (138101) | |
| Ladinian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Nothosaurus cristatus (203272) Nothosaurus giganteus (138084 138104) Nothosaurus mirabilis, Nothosaurus giganteus (138089) Nothosaurus sp. (48685 66100) | |
| Ladinian | Germany (Bavaria) | Nothosaurus giganteus (138105 138107 138108) Nothosaurus mirabilis, Nothosaurus giganteus (138106) Nothosaurus sp., Nothosaurus mirabilis, Nothosaurus giganteus (138087) | |
| Ladinian | China (Guizhou) | Lariosaurus xingyiensis, Nothosaurus youngi (98851) | |
| Ladinian | Hungary | Nothosaurus sp. (156151) | |
| Ladinian | France | Lariosaurus curionii (138129) | |
| Ladinian | Germany | Elmosaurus lelmensis (138125) Nothosaurus giganteus (138098 138099 138100 138103 138109 138110 138111 138112) Nothosaurus giganteus, Opeosaurus suevicus (138088) Nothosaurus marchius (138120 138121) Nothosaurus mirabilis (138124) Nothosaurus mirabilis, Nothosaurus giganteus (138096 138097) Nothosaurus mirabilis, Nothosaurus giganteus, Nothosaurus aduncidens, Nothosaurus angustifrons (59927) Nothosaurus sp. (138091 138102) | |
| Ladinian | France (Grand Est) | Simosaurus mougeoti, Nothosaurus andriani (137680) | |
| Ladinian | Germany (Hohenlohe) | Nothosaurus jagisteus (194779) | |
| Ladinian | Germany (Bayern) | Nothosaurus giganteus (138085) | |
| Ladinian | Spain (Aragon) | Lariosaurus balsami (110826) | |
| Ladinian | Saudi Arabia | Nothosaurus giganteus (149548) Nothosaurus sp. (149547) | |
| Ladinian | Italy | Eupodosaurus longobardicus (138126) Lariosaurus balsami (138127) | |
| Ladinian | Germany (Baden-Württemburg) | Nothosaurus giganteus (138083) | |
| Ladinian | Switzerland | Ceresiosaurus calcagnii (138130) | |
| Ladinian | Switzerland (Ticino) | Ceresiosaurus calcagnii (110929) Ceresiosaurus lanzi (86841) Lariosaurus balsami (110930) | |
| Ladinian - Carnian | China (Yunnan) | Brevicaudosaurus jiyangshanensis (227366 227367) | |
| Longobardian | Spain (Tarragona) | Nothosaurus sp., Lariosaurus balsami, Lariosaurus calcagnii, Nothosaurus cymatosauroides (109710) | |
| Longobardian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Nothosaurus sp. (101873) Nothosaurus sp., Nothosaurus mirabilis (106357) | |
| Longobardian | China (Guizhou) | Lariosaurus xingyiensis, Nothosaurus youngi (196506) Shingyisaurus unexpectus (98691) | |
| Longobardian | Germany (Thuringia) | Nothosaurus bergeri (106359) | |
| Longobardian | China (Yunnan) | Lariosaurus sp. (196166) | |
| Longobardian | Austria (Karnten) | Lariosaurus balsami (195572) | |
| Longobardian | Spain (Soria) | Nothosaurus giganteus (196600) | |
| Longobardian | Italy | Lariosaurus sp., Lariosaurus valceresii (116568) | |
| Longobardian | Italy (Lecco) | Lariosaurus sp., Lariosaurus balsami, Deirosaurus italicus (120901) | |
| Julian | Italy | Nothosauridae indet. (144939) Nothosaurus sp. (137429) | |
| Carnian | Germany | Nothosaurus sp. (206033) | |
| Carnian | Italy (Udine) | Nothosaurus giganteus (99309) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Germany | Nothosaurus edingerae (138095) | |
| Tuvalian | USA (California) | Nothosaurus sp. (142608) | |
| Norian | Switzerland (Schaffhausen) | Nothosauridae indet. (47803) | |
| Rhaetian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Nothosaurus cloacinus (91635) |