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Macrouridae (grenadiers)
Taxonomy
Macrouridae was named by Jordan and Evermann (1898). It is extant.
It was assigned to Anacanthini by David (1943), Jordan (1963); to Macrouroidei by Betancur et al. (2013); and to Gadiformes by Schwarzhans (2003), Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), Lin et al. (2017), Lin et al. (2017), Schwarzhans et al. (2017), Schwarzhans and Nielsen (2021), Stringer and Welton (2025).
It was assigned to Anacanthini by David (1943), Jordan (1963); to Macrouroidei by Betancur et al. (2013); and to Gadiformes by Schwarzhans (2003), Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016), Lin et al. (2017), Lin et al. (2017), Schwarzhans et al. (2017), Schwarzhans and Nielsen (2021), Stringer and Welton (2025).
Subtaxa
Amblygoniolepidus, Bolbocara, Calilepidus, Coelorhynchus, Coelorinchus, Coryphaenoides, Homeocoryphaenoides, Homeomacrurus, Homeonezumia, Hymenocephalus, Lepidorhynchus, Leptacantholepidus, Macrourinae, Macrourus, Nezumia, Oxygoniolepidus, Promacrurus, Pyknolepidus, Razelainia, Trachyrincinae, Trachyrincus
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1898 | Macrouridae Jordan and Evermann |
| 1943 | Macrouridae David p. 126 |
| 1963 | Macrouridae Jordan p. 662 |
| 2003 | Macrouridae Schwarzhans p. 59 |
| 2012 | Macrouridae Fierstine et al. p. 61 |
| 2013 | Macrouridae Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Macrouridae Nelson et al. p. 296 |
| 2017 | Macrouridae Lin et al. p. 5 |
| 2017 | Macrouridae Lin et al. p. 889 |
| 2017 | Macrouridae Schwarzhans et al. p. 157 |
| 2021 | Macrouridae Schwarzhans and Nielsen p. 30 |
| 2025 | Macrouridae Stringer and Welton p. 492 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Macrouridae Jordan and Evermann 1898 [grenadiers]
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G. Coelorhynchus Giorna 1809
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†Coelorhynchus arthaberi Schubert 1905
Coelorhynchus australis Richardson 1839
†Coelorhynchus buanaiutoi Schwarzhans 1985
†Coelorhynchus burtinii Le Hon 1871
Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus Risso 1810
†Coelorhynchus cretaceus Dixon 1850
†Coelorhynchus cristasus Bassolini 1906
Coelorhynchus demonstratus Schwarzhans 1980
†Coelorhynchus elevatus Stinton 1956
†Coelorhynchus pretoulai Schwarzhans 1985
†Coelorhynchus robustus Robba 1970
†Coelorhynchus toulai Schubert 1906
†Coelorhynchus yakujiensis Ohe and Araki 1973
G. Coelorinchus Giorna 1809
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†Coelorinchus asperocephalus Waite 1911
†Coelorinchus balushkini Schwarzhans et al. 2017
Coelorinchus biclinozonalis Arai and McMillan 1982
Coelorinchus carminatus Goode 1880
Coelorinchus coelorhincus Risso 1810
†Coelorinchus divulgatus Schwarzhans 2019
Coelorinchus fasciatus Günther 1878
†Coelorinchus fidelis Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
†Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi Schwarzhans et al. 2017
Coelorinchus oliverianus Phillipps 1927
†Coelorinchus pakaurangiensis Schwarzhans 2019
†Coelorinchus preaustralis Schwarzhans 2019
†Coelorinchus rapelanus Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
Coelorinchus regularis Stinton 1957
†Coelorinchus robustus Robba 1970
Coelorinchus scaphopsis Gilbert 1890 [shoulderspot grenadier]
†Coelorinchus stellaris Nolf and Girone 2000
G. Coryphaenoides Gunnerus 1765
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†Coryphaenoides amager Schwarzhans 2003
†Coryphaenoides biobtusus Lin et al. 2017
†Coryphaenoides contortus Bassoli 1906
Coryphaenoides guentheri Vaillant 1888
†Coryphaenoides maximus Bassoi 1906
†Coryphaenoides richi Schwarzhans et al. 2026
†Coryphaenoides rupestris Gunnerus 1765
G. Hymenocephalus Giglioli 1884
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†Hymenocephalus globosus Posthumus 1923
†Hymenocephalus italicus Giglioli 1884
†Hymenocephalus medius Posthumus 1923
†Hymenocephalus rosenkrantzi Schwarzhans 2003
G. Lepidorhynchus Richardson 1846
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Lepidorhynchus denticulatus Richardson 1846
†Lepidorhynchus frosti Schwarzhans 2019
G. †Leptacantholepidus David 1956
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†Leptacantholepidus delmontianus David 1956
†Leptacantholepidus rotundus David 1956
Subfm. †Macrourinae Bonaparte 1832
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G. †Morigadus Schwarzhans 1980
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†Morigadus anarchicus Schwarzhans 1980
†Morigadus delicatulus Schwarzhans 1980
G. Ventrifossa Gilbert and Hubbs 1920
G. †Macrourus Bloch 1786
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†Macrourus communis Prochazka 1893
†Macrourus debilis Posthumus 1923
†Macrurus altus Weiler 1943
†Macrurus dorsolobatus Weiler 1943
†Macrurus ellipticus Schubert 1905
†Macrurus gracilis Schubert 1905
†Macrurus obliquus Weiler 1950
†Macrurus praecursor Koken 1891
†Macrurus rhombicus Weiler 1943
†Macrurus rotundus Weiler 1943
†Macrurus toulai Schubert 1906
†Macrurus toulai cristasa Basolini 1906
†Macrurus trolli Bassoli 1906
G. Nezumia Jordan and Starks 1904
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†Nezumia armentrouti Stringer and Welton 2025
†Nezumia contemplata Schwarzhans 1978
†Nezumia contortus Bassoli 1906
†Nezumia epuge Schwarzhans and Nielsen 2021
†Nezumia lidsayi Schwarzhans 1985
†Nezumia mangapariensis Schwarzhans 1980
†Nezumia ornata Bassoli 1906
†Nezumia sagittiformis Frost 1934
Nezumia sclerorynchus Valenciennes 1838
†Nezumia teoulerensis Lin et al. 2017
†Otolithus (Macrurus) ornatus apicata Bassoli 1906
G. †Promacrurus David 1956
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†Promacrurus alferitziensis David 1956
†Promacrurus alseanus David 1956
†Promacrurus asymmetricus David 1956
†Promacrurus mimus David 1956
†Promacrurus newmani David 1956
†Promacrurus oregonensis David 1956
†Promacrurus saucesianus David 1956
†Promacrurus zemorrianus David 1956
G. Trachyrincus Giorna 1809
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†Trachyrincus aulax Schwarzhans 2019
†Trachyrincus densus Stinton 1957
†Trachyrincus iocosus Lin et al. 2017
†Trachyrincus tewaewae Schwarzhans et al. 2017
Invalid names: Trachyrincinae Günther 1870 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Selandian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 61.66000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 59.24 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 59.24 Ma
Collections (151 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Selandian | Denmark | Coryphaenoides amager (159793) Coryphaenoides amager, Hymenocephalus rosenkrantzi (159792) Hymenocephalus rosenkrantzi (159794) | |
| Thanetian | Australia (South Australia) | Nezumia lindsayi (219145) | |
| Ypresian | Antarctica | Coelorinchus balushkini, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi (100414) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Hymenocephalus fimbriatus (41998) | |
| Lutetian | France | Trachyrincus iocosus, Nezumia teoulerensis (188957) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | Australia (South Australia) | Coelorhynchus buanaiutoi (219147) | |
| Middle Eocene - Late/Upper Eocene | USA (California) | Promacrurus mimus (190998) Promacrurus zemorrianus, Homeonezumia multispinosus, Amblygoniolepidus polystichus (191008) | |
| Bortonian | New Zealand | Nezumia morgansi (219510) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Otolithus gracilis (42636 42641) | |
| Kaiatan | New Zealand (South Island) | Nezumia morgansi (219333) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Otolithus gracilis (42658) | |
| Priabonian | Australia (South Australia) | Coelorhynchus buanaiutoi (219167) Coelorhynchus buanaiutoi, Coelorhynchus pretoulai (219166) Coelorhynchus pretoulai (219149) | |
| Priabonian | Tonga | Macrouridae indet. (43006) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (California) | Promacrurus alferitzensis, Promacrurus asymmetricus (203250) | |
| Rupelian | Belgium | Coelorhynchus sp. (277487) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Washington) | Coryphaenoides richi (277962) | |
| Oligocene | USA (Washington) | Oxygoniolepidus washingtonensis (203251) | |
| Duntroonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Coelorhynchus sp. (219331) Coelorinchus preaustralis (45665 219569 219570) Coelorinchus sp., Trachyrincus tewaewae, Coelorinchus pakaurangiensis (219618) | |
| Chattian | USA (Washington) | Nezumia armentrouti (239964) | |
| Chattian | USA (California) | Macrouridae indet. (11601) | |
| Chattian | New Zealand (North Island) | Macrurus toulai, Macrurus sagittiformis (204336) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Macrurus ellipticus (32012) | |
| Chattian | Australia (Victoria) | Coelorhynchus elevatus (48647) Coelorhynchus toulai (174152) | |
| Chattian | France | Coelorinchus stellaris (219194) | |
| Chattian | USA (Oregon) | Promacrurus alseanus, Pyknolepidus macrospinosus (203248) Promacrurus oregonensis (201628) | |
| Waitakian | New Zealand (South Island) | Coelorinchus divulgatus, Coelorinchus preaustralis (219578) Coelorinchus preaustralis (219319 219577 219579 219580 219581 219582) | |
| Aquitanian | Russian Federation (Sakhalin) | Macrouridae indet. (138022) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | New Zealand (North Island) | Macrurus sagittiformis (204341) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Japan (Mie) | Coelorhynchus yakuojiensis (222497) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (California) | Promacrurus newmani, Promacrurus saucesianus, Homeocoryphaenoides chiasmacanthus, Calilepidus tauxei (203249) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Chile | Coelorinchus fidelis (46980 241736 241739) Coelorinchus fidelis, Nezumia epuge (241729) Coelorinchus rapelanus, Nezumia epuge (241731) Lepidorhynchus frosti, Coelorinchus fidelis, Coelorinchus rapelanus (241730) Lepidorhynchus frosti, Coelorinchus rapelanus, Nezumia epuge (46982) Lepidorhynchus frosti, Nezumia epuge (241732) | |
| Neogene | Indonesia (Aceh) | Macrurus toulai, Macrurus gracilis, Macrurus trolli, Macrurus praecursor (223637) Macrurus trolli (223639) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (North Island) | Coelorinchus pakaurangiensis, Coelorinchus preaustralis (219522) Coelorinchus pakaurangiensis, Nezumia sagittiformis, Trachyrincus aulax (219517) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (South Island) | Coelorinchus divulgatus (219586 219588) Coelorinchus divulgatus, Nezumia sagittiformis (219590) Coelorinchus preaustralis (219591) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand | Coelorinchus pakaurangiensis (152323) | |
| Burdigalian | France | Nezumia ornata (219196) | |
| Burdigalian | Chile | Coelorinchus fidelis (241734) Coelorinchus fidelis, Nezumia epuge (179976) | |
| Burdigalian | Belgium | Coelorinchus sp. (208831) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Coelorhynchus toulai, Ventrifossa sagittiformis, Coelorhynchus australis, Coelorinchus divulgatus, Lepidorhynchus frosti (219341) Coelorinchus divulgatus (219594) Coelorinchus divulgatus, Coelorinchus preaustralis (219593) Coelorinchus divulgatus, Coelorinchus preaustralis, Lepidorhynchus frosti (219597 219602 219604 219605 219606) Coelorinchus divulgatus, Lepidorhynchus frosti (219598 219601 219608) Coelorinchus divulgatus, Lepidorhynchus frosti, Nezumia sagittiformis (219609) Coelorinchus preaustralis (219599 219607) Coelorinchus preaustralis, Lepidorhynchus frosti (219318 219595) Ventrifossa sagittiformis, Coelorhynchus australis, Lepidorhynchus frosti (219271) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (North Shore) | Coelorinchus demonstratus, Coelorinchus divulgatus, Nezumia sagittiformis (219524 219526) Coelorinchus divulgatus (219525) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand | Macrurus toulai (67896 67897 67899) Macrurus toulai, Macrurus gracilis, Coelorhynchus toulai, Ventrifossa sagittiformis, Coelorhynchus australis (67900) | |
| Altonian - Clifdenian | New Zealand (North Island) | Nezumia sagittiformis (219537) | |
| Langhian | Australia (Victoria) | Coelorhynchus toulai, Coelorhynchus elevatus (219137) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Lower Saxony) | Coelorhynchus ellipticus, Coelorhynchus toulai (161965) | |
| Middle Miocene | Australia (Victoria) | Coelorhynchus elevatus (122349) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Coelorhynchus sp., Ventrifossa garmani, Macrouridae indet. (161449) | |
| Lillburnian | New Zealand (North Island) | Coelorinchus demonstratus, Nezumia sagittiformis, Trachyrincus aulax (219547) | |
| Lillburnian - Waiauan | New Zealand (South Island) | Lepidorhynchus sp., Coelorinchus divulgatus (219610) Trachyrincus densus (219568) | |
| Serravallian | Romania | Macrurus dorsolobatus, Macrurus rotundus (222591) Macrurus rhombicus, Macrurus altus (222592) | |
| Tortonian | Italy (Asti) | Nezumia contorta, Coelorinchus arthaberi, Trachyrincus scabrus, Nezumia ornata (237147) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Bolbocara gyrinus (45489) | |
| Tortonian | Italy | Coelorinchus arthaberi, Coryphaenoides contortus (70491) Coelorinchus robustus (187596) Coelorinchus robustus, Coryphaenoides contortus, Nezumia ornata (187507) Coryphaenoides sp., Coelorinchus arthaberi, Trachyrincus scabrus, Coryphaenoides contortus, Coelorhynchus arthaberi, Coelorhynchus cristatus, Coelorhynchus robustus, Coryphaenoides maximus, Nezumia ornata (178120) Nezumia ornata (78437) Trachyrincus scabrus (187506) Trachyrincus scabrus, Coryphaenoides biobtusus (187503) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Germany | Macrourus communis, Macrourus debilis, Macrouridarum globosus, Macrouridarum medius (223566) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (California) | Leptacantholepidus delmontianus, Leptacantholepidus rotundus (203252) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | Homeomacrurus fernandensis (203253) | |
| Tongaporutuan | New Zealand | Nezumia mangapariensis (89138) | |
| Tongaporutuan | New Zealand (North Island) | Lepidorhynchus denticulatus, Nezumia mangapariensis, Coelorinchus divulgatus, Trachyrincus aulax (219553) Nezumia mangapariensis, Coelorinchus divulgatus (219554) Ventrifossa sp., Coelorhynchus toulai, Lepidorhynchus denticulatus, Nezumia mangapariensis (219269) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Razelainia paradoxa (59256) | |
| Messinian | Panama (Colon) | Coelorinchus sp. (231894) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Nezumia sp. (186576 210640) | |
| Messinian | Panama | Coelorinchus sp., Macrouridae indet. (172931) | |
| Opoitian | New Zealand | Coelorhynchus fasciatus, Coelorhynchus carminatus (219270) | |
| Opoitian | New Zealand (North Island) | Coelorhynchus sp. (219266) Coelorhynchus toulai (219268) Lepidorhynchus denticulatus (219265) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Taiwan (Taiwan) | Hymenocephalus papyraceus, Coelorinchus sp. (237150 237152) Hymenocephalus papyraceus, Hymenocephalus striatissimus, Coelorinchus sp. (237151) | |
| Waipipian | New Zealand (North Island) | Coelorinchus sp. (219629) | |
| Waipipian | New Zealand (Chatham Islands) | Coelorinchus fasciatus, Coelorinchus oliverianus (219644) Coelorinchus oliverianus (219646) Coelorinchus sp., Coelorinchus fasciatus, Coelorinchus oliverianus (219645) | |
| Waipipian - Mangapanian | New Zealand (North Island) | Coelorinchus regularis (219630) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy | Nezumia sp., Trachyrincus scabrus, Coelorinchus coelorhincus (277335) | |
| Mangapanian - Nukumaruan | New Zealand | Coelorinchus carminatus, Coelorinchus fasciatus (219631) | |
| Gelasian | Italy | Coryphaenoides sicilianus, Trachyrincus scabrus, Coelorinchus stellaris, Nezumia sclerorynchus (159096) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Coryphaenoides rupestris, Coelorinchus stellaris, Coryphaenoides guentheri, Coelorinchus coelorhincus (159455) Coryphaenoides sicilianus, Coelorinchus coelorinchus, Coelorinchus stellaris, Nezumia sclerorynchus (159378) | |
| Nukumaruan | New Zealand (North Island) | Coelorinchus fasciatus (219637 219638) | |
| Nukumaruan | New Zealand (South Island) | Coelorinchus asperocephalus, Coelorinchus oliverianus (219643) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | Coelorinchus stellaris, Coryphaenoides guentheri, Nezumia sclerorynchus, Coelorinchus coelorhincus (159823) | |
| Castlecliffian | New Zealand (South Island) | Coelorinchus biclinozonalis (219626) | |
| Ionian | Italy | Coryphaenoides rupestris, Coelorinchus stellaris, Coryphaenoides guentheri (159361) | |
| Ionian | Greece (Rhodes) | Coelorinchus sp. (207568) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Macrouridae indet. (222409) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan (Kanagawa) | Ventrifossa sp., Macrouridae indet. (275914) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Coelorhynchus scaphopsis (219031) |