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Pleuronectidae
Taxonomy
Pleuronectidae is a family. It is extant.
It was assigned to Anacanthini by Owen (1859); to Heterosomata by David (1943), Jordan (1963); to Scorpaenoidea by Casier (1966); to Pleuronectoidei by Betancur et al. (2013); and to Pleuronectiformes by Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Anacanthini by Owen (1859); to Heterosomata by David (1943), Jordan (1963); to Scorpaenoidea by Casier (1966); to Pleuronectoidei by Betancur et al. (2013); and to Pleuronectiformes by Fierstine et al. (2012), Nelson et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1859 | Pleuronectidae Owen p. 128 |
| 1943 | Pleuronectidae David p. 165 |
| 1963 | Pleuronectidae Jordan p. 669 |
| 1966 | Pleuronectidae Casier p. 461 |
| 2012 | Pleuronectidae Fierstine et al. p. 160 |
| 2013 | Pleuronectidae Betancur et al. |
| 2016 | Pleuronectidae Nelson et al. p. 399 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Pleuronectidae
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G. †Evesthes Gilbert 1910
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†Evesthes hooveri Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Evesthes jordani Gilbert 1910
G. †Hippoglossoides Gottsche 1835
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Subg. †Hippoglossoides (Isomma) Jordan 1927
†Hippoglossoides pristinus Jordan 1927
G. †Pleuronectidarum Koken
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†Pleuronectidarum acuminatus Koken 1891
†Pleuronectidarum irregularis Weiler 1959
†Pleuronectidarum orbicularis Frost 1934
†Pleuronectidarum pentagonalis Steurbaut 1984
†Pleuronectidarum splendens Schubert 1906
G. Pleuronichthys Girard 1856
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Subg. †Pleuronichthys (Zororhombus) Jordan and Gilbert 1920
†Pleuronichthys veliger Jordan and Gilbert 1920
G. Solea Gouan 1770
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†Solea approximata Koken 1891
†Solea balonggensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea eocenica Woodward 1910
†Solea glabber Koken 1888
†Solea lenticularis Koken 1891
†Solea prisca Ciobanu 1977
†Solea proocellata Arambourg 1927
†Solea senegalensis Kaup 1858
†Solea songgoensis Vorstman 1927
†Solea sulci Steurbaut 1984
Invalid names: Pleuronectinae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Barremian to the top of the Holocene or 125.77000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 121.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 121.4 Ma
Collections (46 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Barremian | France (Drôme) | Solea sp. (75576) | |
| Middle Eocene | Egypt | Solea eocenica (190954) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Otolithus acuminatus, Otolithus approximatus (42636) Otolithus approximatus (42644) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Otolithus approximatus (42658) | |
| Priabonian | Russian Federation | Pleuronectidae indet. (236597) | |
| Rupelian | Romania | Solea prisca (113962) | |
| Chattian | USA (California) | Pleuronectidae indet. (11601) | |
| Chattian | Germany (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) | Solea approximata (32012) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Japan (Yamaguchi) | Pleuronectinae indet. (190897) | |
| Miocene | Mexico (Veracruz) | Pleuronectidarum irregularis (222553) | |
| Neogene | Indonesia (Aceh) | Solea glaber, Solea angulatus (223637) | |
| Burdigalian | France | Solea senegalensis (220042) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand | Pleuronectidarum acuminatus (67896) Pleuronectidarum acuminatus, Pleuronectidarum splendens (67899) | |
| Langhian | France | Solea senegalensis (219197) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Aichi) | Atheresthes evermanni (161449) | |
| Badenian | Czechia (Mikulov) | Solea sp. (161993) | |
| Serravallian | Kazakhstan | Solea rotunda (174760) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Evesthes jordani, Evesthes hooveri, Zororhombus veliger (45489) | |
| Tortonian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Solea sp. (13626) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | New Zealand | Pleuronectidarum orbicularis (204339) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Germany | Solea approximata (223566) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Solea sp. (186576 210640) Solea vulgaris (186575) | |
| Messinian | Italy (Tuscany) | Solea proocellata (186581 210628) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Solea vulgaris, Solea cuneiformis, Solea solea, Solea proocellata (59256) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Ecuador (Esmeraldas) | Pleuronectidae indet. (135043) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | Solea lutea (210257) Solea vulgaris (210256) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Pleuronectidae indet. (52582) | |
| Pliocene | Jamaica | Pleuronectidae indet. (186673) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy | Solea sp. (145683) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (California) | Parophrys velulus, Lyopsetta exilis (219849) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Italy | Solea vulgaris (57058) | |
| Gelasian | Italy (Bologna) | Solea sp. (186574) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | Italy | Platichthys flesus, Solea solea (159378) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Glyptocephalus zachirus (222409) Glyptocephalus zachirus, Parophrys vetulus, Atheresthes stomias (194882 222408) Parophrys vetulus (222407) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Pleuronectidae indet. (215645) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Lyopsetta jordani, Pleuronichthys ritteri, Parophrys vetulus (59063) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador) | Pleuronectidae indet. (122099) |