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Stenuroidea
Taxonomy
Stenurida was named by Spencer (1951). It is not extant.
It was reranked as the class Stenuroidea by Blake (2013).
It was assigned to Ophiuroidea by Lehmann (1957), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966); to Asterozoa by Blake (2013); and to Ophiuroidea by Jell and Theron (1999), Boczarowski (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Smith et al. (2025).
It was reranked as the class Stenuroidea by Blake (2013).
It was assigned to Ophiuroidea by Lehmann (1957), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966); to Asterozoa by Blake (2013); and to Ophiuroidea by Jell and Theron (1999), Boczarowski (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Smith et al. (2025).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1951 | Stenurida Spencer p. 110 |
| 1957 | Stenurida Lehmann p. 20 |
| 1965 | Stenurida Owen p. 544 |
| 1966 | Stenurida Spencer and Wright p. U78 |
| 1999 | Stenurida Jell and Theron p. 157 |
| 2001 | Stenurida Boczarowski p. 8 |
| 2002 | Stenurida Sepkoski |
| 2013 | Stenuroidea Blake p. 355 |
| 2025 | Stenurida Smith et al. p. 1144 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. †Stenuroidea Spencer 1951
show all | hide all
G. †Echinasterella Stürtz 1890
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†Echinasterella darwini Clarke 1913
†Echinasterella sladeni Stürtz 1890
Fm. †Klasmuridae Spencer 1925
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G. †Klasmura Ruedemann 1916
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G. †Pectenura Haude 1982
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†Pectenura excubitor Boczarowski 2001
†Pectenura formosa Boczarowski 2001
†Pectenura hamata Boczarowski 2001
†Pectenura horni Haude 1982
†Pectenura pecten Boczarowski 2001
†Pectenura senta Boczarowski 2001
Subor. †Parophiurina Jaekel 1923
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Fm. †Palaeuridae Spencer 1951
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G. †Umerophiura Boczarowski 2001
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†Umerophiura daki Smith et al. 2025
†Umerophiura opiparia Boczarowski 2001
†Umerophiura umera Boczarowski 2001
Invalid names: Antiquasteridae Kesling 1971 [empty]
Subor. †Proturina Spencer and Wright 1966
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Fm. †Bdellacomidae Spencer and Wright 1966
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Fm. †Eophiuridae Schöndorf 1910
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Fm. †Pradesuridae Spencer 1951
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G. †Stuertzura Gregory 1897
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†Sturtzura brisingoides Gregory 1889
†Sturtzura leptosomoides Chapman 1907
Fm. †Rhopalocomidae Spencer and Wright 1966
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Invalid names: Acinetasteridae Kesling 1982 [empty]
G. †Stuertzaster Etheridge 1899
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†Stuertzaster giganteus Lehmann 1957
†Stuertzaster liquidus Boczarowski 2001
†Stuertzaster marstoni Salter 1857
†Stuertzaster spinosissimus Roemer 1864
†Stuertzaster utroquecognitus Boczarowski 2001
†Sturtzaster colvini Salter 1857
†Sturtzaster cygnipes Salter 1857
†Sturtzaster mitchelli Etheridge 1899
Invalid names: Eophiuricae Spencer 1951 [empty], Palaeuricae Spencer 1951 [empty], Scalarina Hotchkiss 1976 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan 1992, Bambach et al. 2007 | |||||
Age range: base of the Lancefieldian to the top of the Serpukhovian or 484.30000 to 323.40000 Ma
Collections (32 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tremadocian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Palaeura jacobi (101705) | |
| Lancefieldian | Australia (Tasmania) | Maydena roadsidensis (165771) | |
| Floian | USA (Utah) | Lopidiaster jamisoni (216838) | |
| Arenig | France (Montagne Noire) | Palaeura sp., Palaeura jacobi (20828) | |
| Sarka | Czechia | Eophiura bohemica (3857) | |
| Darriwilian | France | Lehmannaster spinosus (216840) | |
| Oretanian | Spain (Toledo) | Palaeura sp. (20898) | |
| Blackriveran | USA (Oklahoma) | Embolaster graffhami (73277) | |
| Rawtheyan | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Tribulosaster grayae (73134) | |
| Wenlock | Australia (Victoria) | Stuertzaster sp. (494) | |
| Wenlock | United Kingdom | Bdellacoma sp. (68060) | |
| Ludlow | United Kingdom | Rhopalocoma pyrotechnica (99394) | |
| Leintwardine | United Kingdom | Stuertzaster colvini, Rhopalocoma pyrotechnica, Stuertzaster marstoni, Bdellocoma vermiformis (95143) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Palasteriscus devonicus, Echinasterella sladeni, Medusaster rhenanus, Erinaceaster tenuispinosus, Erinaceaster spinosissimus, Erinaceaster giganteus, Hystrigaster horridus (26904) | |
| Emsian | Poland (Kielecki) | Stuertzaster utroquecognitus, Umerophiura opiparia, Pectenura excubitor (94469) | |
| Emsian | South Africa | Haughtonaster reedi (35578 35582) | |
| Emsian | Brazil (Parana) | Echinasterella sp. (37081 37082) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | Brazil (Parana) | Echinasterella sp. (37106) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | South Africa | Haughtonaster reedi (39146) | |
| Eifelian | South Africa | Echinasterella sp. (35592) | |
| Eifelian | Poland (Swietokrzyskie) | Pectenura hamata (94478) Stuertzaster liquidus, Umerophiura umera, Pectenura hamata (94509) | |
| Middle Devonian | Canada (Ontario) | Acinetaster konieckii (193692) | |
| Givetian | USA (New York) | Ptilonaster princeps (76214) | |
| Givetian | USA (Ohio) | Antiquaster magrumi (38462) | |
| Middle Givetian | Poland | Pectenura pecten (99433) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Poland | Stuertzaster utroquecognitus, Pectenura excubitor (82667) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Poland | Pectenura formosa (75494) | |
| Middle Frasnian | Poland | Pectenura senta (99442) | |
| Serpukhovian | USA (Indiana) | Umerophiura daki (276564) |