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Pterygotoidea
Taxonomy
Pterygotoidea was named by Clarke and Ruedemann (1912).
It was corrected as Pterygotioidea by Dunlop et al. (2013); it was misspelled as Pterygotioidea by Dunlop et al. (2020), Lamsdell (2025).
It was assigned to Eurypterina by Tetlie et al. (2007); and to Diploperculata by Lamsdell et al. (2013), Dunlop et al. (2013), Dunlop et al. (2020), Lamsdell (2025).
It was corrected as Pterygotioidea by Dunlop et al. (2013); it was misspelled as Pterygotioidea by Dunlop et al. (2020), Lamsdell (2025).
It was assigned to Eurypterina by Tetlie et al. (2007); and to Diploperculata by Lamsdell et al. (2013), Dunlop et al. (2013), Dunlop et al. (2020), Lamsdell (2025).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1912 | Pterygotoidea Clarke and Ruedemann |
| 1951 | Hughmilleroidea Kjellesvig-Waering |
| 2002 | Hughmilleroidea Braddy et al. p. 902 |
| 2003 | Hughmilleroidea Brauckmann et al. p. 58 |
| 2007 | Pterygotoidea Tetlie et al. p. 621 |
| 2013 | Pterygotioidea Dunlop et al. p. 24 |
| 2013 | Pterygotoidea Lamsdell et al. p. 360 |
| 2020 | Pterygotioidea Dunlop et al. p. 25 |
| 2025 | Pterygotoidea Lamsdell |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Pterygotoidea Clarke and Ruedemann 1912
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Fm. †Ciurcopteridae Lamsdell 2025
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G. †Ciurcopterus Tetlie and Briggs 2009
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†Ciurcopterus sarlei Ciurca and Tetlie 2007
†Ciurcopterus ventricosus Kjellesvig-Waering 1948
Fm. †Hughmilleriidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1951
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G. †Hughmilleria Kjellesvig-Waering 1951
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Subg. †Hughmilleria (Nanahughmilleria) Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Hughmilleria lata Størmer 1934
†Hughmilleria norvegica Kiaer 1911
†Hughmilleria wangi Tetlie et al. 2007
Fm. †Pterygotidae Clarke and Ruedemann 1912
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G. †Acutiramus Ruedemann 1935
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†Acutiramus bohemicus Barrande 1872
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Invalid names: Pterygotus blahai Semper 1898 [synonym], Pterygotus comes Barrande 1872 [synonym], Pterygotus mediocris Barrande 1872 [synonym]
†Acutiramus cummingsi Grote and Pitt 1875
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Invalid names: Pterygotus acuticaudatus Pohlman 1882 [synonym], Pterygotus buffaloensis Pohlman 1881 [synonym], Pterygotus quadraticaudatus Pohlman 1882 [synonym]
†Acutiramus floweri Kjellesvig-Waering and Caster 1955
†Acutiramus macrophthalmus Hall 1859
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Invalid names: Pterygotus juvenis Clarke and Ruedemann 1912 [synonym], Pterygotus osborni Hall 1859 [synonym]
†Acutiramus nobilis Kjellesvig-Waering 1964
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Invalid names: Pterygotus nobilis Barrande 1872 [replaced]
†Acutiramus perneri Chlupac 1994
†Acutiramus perryensis Leutze 1958
†Acutiramus suwanneensis Kjellesvig-Waering 1955
Invalid names: Bunodella Matthew 1889 [synonym]
G. †Erettopterus Salter 1859
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†Erettopterus brodiei Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus canadensis Dawson 1878
†Erettopterus exophthalmus Kjellesvig-Waering and Leutze 1966
†Erettopterus gigas Salter 1859
†Erettopterus globiceps Clarke and Ruedemann 1912
†Erettopterus grandis Pohlman 1881
†Erettopterus laticauda Schmidt 1883
†Erettopterus marstoni Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus megalodon Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus osiliensis Schmidt 1883
†Erettopterus qujingensis Ma et al. 2022
†Erettopterus salweyi Woodward 1871
†Erettopterus serratus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus serricaudatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1979
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Invalid names: Erettopterus carinatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1979 [synonym]
†Erettopterus spatulatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Erettopterus waylandsmithi Kjellesvig-Waering and Caster 1955
Invalid names: Himantopterus Salter 1856 [replaced], Necrogammarus [synonym], Truncatiramus [synonym]
G. †Jaekelopterus
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†Jaekelopterus howelli Kjellesvig-Waering and Stoermer 1952
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Invalid names: Pterygotus mcgrewi Kjellesvig-Waering and Richardson 1986 [synonym]
†Jaekelopterus marylandicus Kjellesvig-Waering 1964
†Jaekelopterus rhenaniae Jaekel 1914
G. †Pterygotus Agassiz 1844
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†Pterygotus anglicus Agassiz 1844
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Invalid names: Pterygotus atlanticus Clarke and Ruedemann 1912 [synonym], Pterygotus minor Woodward 1864 [synonym]
†Pterygotus arcuatus Salter 1859
†Pterygotus carmani Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Pterygotus cobbi Hall 1859
†Pterygotus denticulatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Pterygotus fissus Seemann 1906
†Pterygotus floridanus Kjellesvig-Waering 1950
†Pterygotus gaspesiensis Russell 1954
†Pterygotus grandidentatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Pterygotus holmi Størmer 1934
†Pterygotus kopaninensis Barrande 1872
†Pterygotus leptodactylus M'Coy 1849
†Pterygotus lightbodyi Kjellesvig-Waering 1961
†Pterygotus ludensis Salter 1859
†Pterygotus ventricosus Kjellesvig-Waering 1948
†Pterygotus vogti Størmer 1934
†Pterygotus wanggaii Ma et al. 2023
Invalid names: Curviramus Ruedemann 1935 [synonym], Pterygotus (Pterygotus) Agassiz 1845 [invalid subgroup], Pterygotus siemiradzkii Strand 1926 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Jaekelopteridae Stoermer 1974 [synonym]
Fm. †Slimoniidae Novojilov 1962
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G. †Salteropterus Kjellesvig-Waering 1951
Invalid names: Hughmilleroidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1951 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Katian to the top of the Early/Lower Famennian or 452.80000 to 368.50000 Ma
Collections (125 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Katian | China (Shaanxi) | Pterygotidae sp. (276236) | |
| Llandovery | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Slimonia dubia (26885) | |
| Llandovery | USA (Pennsylvania) | Hughmilleria shawangunk, Erettopterus globiceps (12765) | |
| Llandovery - Wenlock | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Pterygotus lanarkensis, Slimonia acuminata, Erettopterus bilobus (26889) Slimonia acuminata, Erettopterus bilobus (26886) | |
| Llandovery - Wenlock | Libya | Pterygotus sp. (26987) | |
| Llandovery - Ludlow | USA (New York) | Hughmilleria shawangunk, Erettopterus globiceps (12764) | |
| Silurian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Hughmilleria shawangunk, Erettopterus globiceps (12763) | |
| Silurian | USA (New York) | Pterygotus sp. (10456) | |
| Aeronian | Morocco | Pterygotus sp. (26985) | |
| Telychian | United Kingdom (South Lanarkshire) | Hughmilleria sp., Slimonia acuminata (237854) | |
| Telychian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Hughmilleria shawangunk, Erettopterus globiceps (12921) | |
| Telychian | China (Chongqing ) | Hughmilleria wangi (225096) | |
| Telychian | China (Sichuan) | Pterygotidae indet. (27907) | |
| Telychian | China | Hughmilleria wangi (236761) | |
| Telychian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Slimonia dubia (153581) | |
| Telychian | China (Hunan) | Hughmilleria wangi (184699) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Norway | Pterygotidae indet. (184696) Pterygotus sp. (14266 184697) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Sweden | Truncatiramus serricaudatus, Erettopterus carinatus (233124) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Sweden (Gotland) | Truncatiramus serricaudatus, Erettopterus carinatus (26919) | |
| Wenlock | Canada (Ontario) | Pterygotus canadensis (14195) | |
| Wenlock | USA (Maryland) | Erettopterus sp., Pterygotus marylandicus (14193) | |
| Wenlock | Spain (Seville) | Pterygotidae indet. (676) | |
| Wenlock | United Kingdom (England) | Pterygotus grandidentatus (26909) | |
| Wenlock - Ludlow | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Hughmilleria sp. (26906) | |
| Homerian | Bolivia | Slimonia boliviana (26984) | |
| Rootsikula | Estonia | Pterygotus impactus, Truncatiramus osiliensis, Erettopterus laticauda (26922) | |
| Rootsikula | Norway | Erettopterus holmi (26928) Pterygotus holmi (14308) Pterygotus sp. (26927) | |
| Gorstian | Australia (Victoria) | Pterygotidae indet. (26988) | |
| Paadla | Estonia | Pterygotus sp. (26925) | |
| Ludlow | Ukraine | Pterygotus sp. (23373) | |
| Ludlow | USA (Pennsylvania) | Truncatiramus sp. (14206) | |
| Ludlow | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Hughmilleria sp. (26896) | |
| Ludlow | Libya | Pterygotus sp. (26986) | |
| Ludlow | Ukraine (Khmelnitsky) | Pterygotus sp. (225270) | |
| Ludlow | USA (New York) | Hughmilleria socialis, Pterygotus sarlei, Pterygotus monroensis (26080) | |
| Ludlow | USA (West Virginia) | Truncatiramus sp. (14204) | |
| Gorstian - Pridoli | USA (West Virginia) | Hughmilleria bellistriata (39812) | |
| Ludlow - Pridoli | USA (West Virginia) | Truncatiramus exopthalmus (14202) | |
| Ludfordian | USA (Indiana) | Pterygotus ventricosus (14207) | |
| Ludfordian | USA (New York) | Pterygotus waylandsmithi, Pterygotus floweri (26085) | |
| Ludfordian | United Kingdom (England) | Erettopterus sp., Pterygotus denticulatus, Pterygotus lightbodyi (26911) Pterygotus sp. (8307) Salteropterus longilabium, Erettopterus marstoni, Pterygotus arcuatus (26910) Truncatiramus gigas (26912) | |
| Pridoli | Australia (New South Wales) | Pterygotus sp. (235895) | |
| Pridoli | USA (Florida) | Acutiramus suwanneensis (26877) | |
| Pridoli | Poland | Pterygotus sp. (13883 23021 23029) | |
| Pridoli | Czechia | Erettopterus sp., Truncatiramus sp., Pterygotus barrandei, Pterygotus bohemicus, Acutiramus nobilis (13894) Pterygotus barrandei, Acutiramus bohemicus, Acutiramus nobilis (232620) Pterygotus barrandei, Pterygotus bohemicus (14080) Pterygotus bohemicus (14040 14043) Slimonia acuminata, Pterygotus bohemicus (14039) Slimonia sp., Pterygotus barrandei, Acutiramus bohemicus, Pterygotus fissus, Acutiramus nobilis (14131) | |
| Pridoli | Canada (New Brunswick) | Acutiramus sp. (161318) Bunodella horrida (161317) | |
| Pridoli | Vietnam | Hughmilleria sp. (125232 184695) | |
| Pridoli | United Kingdom (England) | Erettopterus sp., Pterygotus taurinus (26917) Hughmilleria acuminata, Hughmilleria banksi, Salteropterus abbreviatus, Truncatiramus gigas, Erettopterus spatulatus (26915) Hughmilleria acuminata, Hughmilleria banksi, Slimonia stylops, Truncatiramus gigas, Erettopterus brodiei, Erettopterus spatulatus, Pterygotus ludensis (26914) Pterygotidae indet. (26913) | |
| Pridoli | USA (Ohio) | Truncatiramus perryensis (26079) | |
| Pridoli | USA (New York) | Acutiramus macrophthalmus (26868) Acutiramus macrophthalmus, Erettopterus grandis, Pterygotus cobbi (26089) Erettopterus sp., Hughmilleria trigona, Pterygotus grandis, Pterygotus macrophthalmus, Pterygotus cummingsi, Pterygotus juvenis (491) Hughmilleria sp., Pterygotus sp. (493) Pterygotidae indet. (26086) Pterygotus juvensis, Acutiramus macrophthalmus (26087) Pterygotus sp. (517 542 26869) | |
| Pridoli | China (Yunnan) | Slimonia sp., Erettopterus qujingensis (226625) | |
| Pridoli - Lochkovian | Poland | Pterygotus sp. (13889) | |
| Lochkovian | Ukraine | Pterygotus siemiradskii (26978) | |
| Lochkovian | Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk Krai) | Pterygotus sp. (231624) | |
| Lochkovian | Australia (New South Wales) | Pterygotidae indet. (225145) | |
| Lochkovian | USA (Florida) | Pterygotus floridanus (75630) | |
| Lochkovian | USA (Wyoming) | Jaekelopterus howelli (153534) | |
| Lochkovian | China (Yunnan) | Pterygotus wanggaii (216598) | |
| Lochkovian | Czechia | Acutiramus bohemicus (14121) Acutiramus perneri (231818) Slimonia sp., Acutiramus perneri, Pterygotus blahai, Erettopterus sp. (13895) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Herefordshire) | Pterygotus anglicus (201736) | |
| Lochkovian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Pterygotus atlanticus (593) | |
| Lochkovian | Czechia (Prague) | Acutiramus sp. (12068) | |
| Lochkovian | Spain (Barcelona) | Acutiramus sp., Pterygotus barrandei, Acutiramus perneri (231817) | |
| Lochkovian | Poland | Pterygotus sp. (13881 13886 13887 13891) | |
| Lochkovian | Norway | Pterygotus sp., Pterygotus vogti (26929) | |
| Lochkovian | USA (New York) | Acutiramus sp. (26871) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Pterygotus minor, Pterygotus anglicus (26908) Pterygotus sp. (155918) | |
| Lochkovian | Canada (Nova Scotia) | Pterygotidae indet. (14201) | |
| Lochkovian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Pterygotus sp. (60391) | |
| Lochkovian | Australia (Victoria) | Pterygotidae indet. (225147) | |
| Lochkovian | France | Pterygotidae indet. (26981) | |
| Helderbergian - Pragian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Pterygotus atlanticus (14199) | |
| Lochkovian - Pragian | China (Yunnan) | Pterygotus wanggaii (237238) | |
| Lochkovian - Pragian | USA (Ohio) | Erettopterus saetiger, Pterygotus carmani (26874) | |
| Lochkovian - Middle Devonian | Czechia | Acutiramus sp. (10314) | |
| Pragian | Algeria | Pterygotus bohemicus (27185) | |
| Pragian | Australia (Victoria) | Acutiramus bohemicus (225146) | |
| Pragian - Eifelian | Australia (New South Wales) | Jaekelopterus sp. (235896) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany (Alken) | Jaekelopterus rhenaniae (27049) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Canada (New Brunswick) | Pterygotus anglicus (232474) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Jaekelopterus rhenaniae (155775) Jaekelopterus sp. (230899) | |
| Emsian | Canada (Quebec) | Pterygotus gaspesiensis (232264) Pterygotus sp. (608) | |
| Emsian | Australia (Victoria) | Pterygotidae indet. (225148) | |
| Emsian | USA (Wyoming) | Jaekelopterus howelli (26176) | |
| Middle Devonian | USA (Indiana) | Pterygotus sp. (225038) | |
| Givetian | Russian Federation (Siberia) | Hughmilleria sp. (60392 60393) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Germany (Rhenish Massif) | Pterygotus sp. (5960) |