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Balanoidea

Thecostraca - Balanomorpha

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1817Balanoidea Leach
1984Balanoidea Zullo p. 1316
1985Balanoidea Zullo and Kite p. 10
1992Balanoidea Zullo p. 3
2005Balanoidea McLaughlin et al. p. 42
2014Balanoidea Aguirre et al.
2014Balanoidea Gale p. 802
2021Balanoidea Chan et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
—Deuteropoda
—Mandibulata
RankNameAuthor
—PancrustaceaZrzavý and Štys 1997
subphylumCrustaceaBrünnich 1772
classThecostraca(Gruvel 1905)
subclassCirripedia(Rafinesque 1816)
infraclassThoracica(Darwin 1854)
superorderThoracicalcarea()
orderBalanomorpha(Pilsbry 1916)
superfamilyBalanoideaLeach 1817
superfamilyBalanoideaLeach 1817

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Balanoidea Leach 1817
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Fm. Balanidae Leach 1817
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Subfm. Acastinae Kolbasov 1993
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G. Acasta Leach 1817
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Acasta cyathus Darwin 1854
†Acasta vesiculosa Carriol 2008
G. Archiacasta Kolbasov 1993
G. Euacasta Kolbasov 1993
G. Neoacasta Kolbasov 1993
G. Pectinoacasta Kolbasov 1993
Subfm. Amphibalaninae Pitombo 2004
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G. Amphibalanus Pitombo 2000
G. Fistulobalanus Zullo 1984
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†Fistulobalanus amaraquaticus Yamaguchi 1980
†Fistulobalanus klemmi Zullo 1984
G. Tetrabalanus Cornwall 1941
Subfm. Archaeobalaninae Newman and Ross 1976
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G. †Actinobalanus Moroni 1867
G. †Archaeobalanus Menesini 1971
G. Armatobalanus Hoek 1912
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G. Bathybalanus Hoek 1913
G. Chirona Gray 1835
G. Conopea Say 1822
G. †Kathpalmeria Ross 1965
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G. †Lophobalanus Zullo 1984
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†Lophobalanus baumi Zullo 1984
†Lophobalanus kellumi Zullo and Baum 1979
G. Membranobalanus Pilsbry 1916
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Membranobalanus costatus Zullo and Standing 1983
G. †Notobalanus Newman and Ross 1976
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G. †Palaeobalanus Buckeridge 1983
G. Solidobalanus Hoek 1913
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G. Striatobalanus Hoek 1913
G. †Zullobalanus Buckeridge 1989
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†Zullobalanus santamariaensis Buckeridge and Winkelmann 2010
Subfm. Balaninae Leach 1817
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G. Balanus Da Costa 1778 [barnacle]
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Subg. Balanus (Balanus) Da Costa 1778
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†Balanus abeli Lamy and André 1932
†Balanus albicostatus Pilsbry 1916
Balanus amaryllis Darwin 1854
Balanus amphitrite Darwin 1854
†Balanus asteroides Bohm 1926
†Balanus bloxhamensis Weisbord 1966
Balanus calidus Pilsbry 1916
†Balanus cantelli Newman 1982
†Balanus citerosum Henry 1974
Balanus crenatus Bruguière 1789
†Balanus dentivarians Henry 1974
Balanus eburneus Gould 1841
Balanus glandula Darwin 1854
†Balanus gregarius Conrad 1856
†Balanus halosydne Zullo et al. 1992
†Balanus humilis Conrad 1846
†Balanus imitator Zullo 1984
Balanus improvisus Darwin 1854
†Balanus kondakovi Tarasov and Zevina 1957
†Balanus leonensis Weisbord 1966
†Balanus multiseptatus Ross 1964
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Invalid names: Balanus finchi Lea 1833 [synonym]
†Balanus niveus Darwin 1854
Balanus nubilus Darwin 1854
†Balanus ochlockonensis Weisbord 1966
†Balanus ornatus Ponzi 1876
†Balanus pallidus Darwin 1854
†Balanus patelliformis Bruguière 1789
†Balanus polyporus Pilsbry 1924
Balanus reticulatus Utinomi 1967
†Balanus scutorum Seguenza 1876
†Balanus shilohensis Pilsbry 1930
†Balanus silverdalensis Zullo 1984
Balanus subalbidus Henry 1974
Balanus tintinnabulum Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Balanus coosensis Dall 1909 [synonym]
Balanus trigonus Darwin 1854
†Balanus vadaszi Kolosvary 1949
Balanus venustus Darwin 1854
G. Tamiosoma Conrad 1856
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†Tamiosoma advena Zullo 1992
†Tamiosoma gregaria Conrad 1856
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Invalid names: Balanus estrellanus Conrad 1857 [synonym], Menesiniella aquila Pilsbry 1907 [synonym]
Tamiosoma regalis Pilsbry 1916
G. †Zulloa Ross and Newman 1996
Subfm. Bryozobiinae Ross and Newman 1996
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G. Bryzobia Ross and Newman 1996
G. Eoatria Van Syoc and Newman 2010
G. Microporatria Van Syoc and Newmann 2010
G. Poratria Van Syoc and Newman 2010
G. †Cetolepas Zullo 1969
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†Cetolepas hertleini Zullo 1969
Subfm. Concavinae Zullo 1992
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G. †Alessandriella Carriol and Cahuzac 2001
G. Arossia Newman 1982
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†Arossia ashleyensis Zullo 1986
†Arossia aurae Zullo 1992
†Arossia bohaska Kline 1997
†Arossia cummembrana Kline 1997
†Arossia glyptopoma Pilsbry 1916
†Arossia newmani Zullo 1992
†Arossia panamensis Rogers 1948
†Arossia rubra Zullo 1992
†Arossia sendaicus Hatai et al. 1976
G. †Chesaconcavus Zullo 1992
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†Chesaconcavus proteus Conrad 1834
†Chesaconcavus rossi Zullo 1992
G. †Concavus Newman 1982
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Subg. Concavus (Menesiniella) Newman 1982
†Concavus concavus Bronn 1831
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†Balanus concavus proteus Conrad 1834
†Concavus rubsecens Seguenza 1876
G. Menesiniella Newman 1982
G. Paraconcavus Zullo 1992
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†Paraconcavus neusensis Zullo and Miller 1986
†Paraconcavus newsensis Zullo and Miller 1991
†Paraconcavus talquinensis Weisbord 1966
G. Perforatus Pitombo 2004
G. †Zulloconcavus Carriol 2000
Subfm. Hexacreusiinae Zullo and Newman 1996
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G. Hexacreusia Zullo 1961
G. Zulloana Pitombo and Ross 2002
Subfm. Megabalaninae Newman 1979
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G. Austromegabalanus Newman 1979
G. †Fosterella Buckeridge 1983
G. Megabalanus Hoek 1913
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Megabalanus ajax Darwin 1854
†Megabalanus californicus Pilsbry 1916
Megabalanus crispata Schröter 1786
Megabalanus krakatauensis Nilsson-Cantell 1934
Megabalanus occator Pilsbry 1916
Megabalanus rosa Pilsbry 1916
Megabalanus spinosus Chemnitz 1785
Megabalanus stultus Darwin 1854
Megabalanus tanagrae Pilsbry 1928
Megabalanus validus Darwin 1854
Megabalanus volcano Pilsbry 1916
Megabalanus zebra Darwin 1854
G. †Notomegabalanus Newman 1979
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G. Paractinobalanus Carriol 2008
G. Pseudoacasta Nilsson-Cantell 1930
G. †Tasmanobalanus Buckeridge 1993
Subfm. Semibalaninae Newman and Ross 1976
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G. Semibalanus Pilsbry 1916
Subfm. Wanellinae Chan et al. 2021
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G. †Wanella Anderson 1993
Invalid names: Archaeobalanidae Newman and Ross 1976 [synonym], Creusiinae Baluck and Radwanski 1967 [empty], Emersoninae Ross and Newman 1967 [empty]
Fm. Pyrgomatidae Gray 1825 [coral barnacle]
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Subfm. Ceratoconchinae Newman and Ross 1976
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G. Ceratoconcha Kramberger-Gorjanovic 1889
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G. †Eoceratoconcha Newman and Ladd 1974
Subfm. Megatrematinae Holthuis 1982
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G. Adna Sowerby 1823
G. Megatrema Sowerby 1823
G. Pyrgomina Baluk and Radwanski 1967
Subfm. Pyrgomatinae Gray 1825
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G. Arossella Anderson 1993
G. Australhoekia Ross and Newman 2000
G. Cantellius Ross and Newman 1973
G. Cionophorus Ross and Newman 2001
G. Creusia Leach 1817
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†Creusia neogenica Weisbord 1972
G. Darwiniella Anderson 1992
G. Eohoekia Ross and Newman 1995
G. Galkinius Perreault 2014
G. Hiroa Ross and Newman 1973
G. Hoekia Ross and Newman 1973
G. Neopyrgoma Ross and Newman 2002
G. Neotrevathana Ross 1999
G. Nobia Sowerby 1839
G. Parahoekia Ross and Newman 1995
G. Pyrgoma Leach 1817
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†Pyrgoma cretacea Woodward 1869
†Pyrgoma preftoridanum Brooks and Ross 1960
G. Pyrgopsella Zullo 1967
G. Pyrgospongia Achituv and Simon-Blecher 2006
G. †Savignium Leach 1825
G. Trevathana Anderson 1992
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Locomotion: stationaryc
Attached: yesc
Epibiont: yesc
Life habit: epifaunalc
Diet: suspension feederc
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2008-03-04 07:51:33
Modified: 2011-06-14 02:28:17
Source: c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliensbachian to the top of the Holocene or 189.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 183.0 Ma

Collections (629 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pliensbachian189.6 - 183.0Canada (British Columbia) Balanus sp. (53089)
Albian113.0 - 100.5USA (Oregon) Balanidae indet. (229463)
Paleocene - Oligocene66.0 - 23.03Belize (Toledo) Balanus sp. (217171 217174)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8USA (Texas) Balanus sp. (83950)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Nigeria Balanus sp. (46260)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9Nigeria (Imo) Balanus sp. (42655)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Indonesia Balanus amphitrite, Balanus tintinnabulum, Balanus amaryllis (70102)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71USA (Florida) Kathpalmeria georgiana (120294)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Florida) Kathpalmeria georgiana (49882)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0USA (Washington) Balanus cornwalli (160104 160105 160106 160107)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9Namibia (Sperrgebiet) Balanus sp. (149316)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Washington) Balanus sp. (91606)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (North Carolina) Solidobalanus kellumi (159941)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Alabama) Balanus sp. (3538 3539)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (Florida) Kathpalmeria georgiana (34993)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9USA (South Carolina) Lophobalanus baumi (202013 202014)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) Balanus magniformis (39662) Balanus sp. (39676 40105)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Kathpalmeria georgiana (160396) Kathpalmeria georgiana, Hesperibalanus huddlestuni (160397 160398 160399 160400)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9USA (South Carolina) Balanus peregrinus (92435)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9USA (New Jersey) Solidobalanus sp. (92770)