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Arachnida
Taxonomy
Arachnida was named by Lamarck (1801). It is extant.
It was assigned to Arthropoda by Sepkoski (2002); to Chelicerata by Nielsen (2012); to Sclerophorata by Lamsdell (2013); and to Planaterga by Dunlop et al. (2020).
It was assigned to Arthropoda by Sepkoski (2002); to Chelicerata by Nielsen (2012); to Sclerophorata by Lamsdell (2013); and to Planaterga by Dunlop et al. (2020).
Subtaxa
Acari, Acaromorpha, Arthrolycosa tarda, Aulonia, Caulogastra, Cretopilio, Dinopilio, Haplocnemata, Palpigradi, Pantetrapulmonata, Parasitiformes, Phalangiotarbida (syn. Architarbida, Phalangiotarbi), Podurites, Podurites saltator, Poecilophysidea, Pseudoscorpionida, Ricinulei, Saccogulus, Stomothecata
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1801 | Arachnida Lamarck |
| 1817 | Acari Leach |
| 1822 | Acarus resinosus Presl p. 210 |
| 1862 | Cecidomyia dubia von Heyden p. 80 figs. Pl 10, fig 4 |
| 1885 | Ixodes tertiarius Scudder |
| 1890 | Acarina Scudder p. 46 |
| 1890 | Ixodes tertiarius Scudder p. 47 figs. Pl 6 fig 12 |
| 1895 | Podurites Matthew p. 273 |
| 1895 | Podurites saltator Matthew p. 273 figs. Pl 2, fig 10 |
| 1908 | Acarina Cockerell |
| 1912 | Arthrolycosa tarda Frič p. 18 fig. 16 |
| 1957 | Acaromorpha Dubinin |
| 2002 | Arachnida Sepkoski |
| 2007 | Acari Shultz |
| 2007 | Acaromorpha Shultz |
| 2009 | Acari Arillo et al. p. 322 |
| 2012 | Arachnida Nielsen p. 244 figs. Fig. 44.2 |
| 2013 | Arachnida Lamsdell p. 20 |
| 2020 | Arachnida Dunlop et al. p. 7 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Cl. Arachnida Lamarck 1801
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G. Aulonia Koch 1847
Unr. Haplocnemata Borner 1904
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Or. Pseudoscorpiones Latreille 1817 [pseudoscorpion]
+
G. Heterolophus Tömösváry 1884
Subor. Heterosphyronida Chamberlin 1929
+
Superfm. Chthonioidea Daday 1889
+
Fm. Chthoniidae Daday 1889
Fm. Pseudotyrannochthoniidae Beier 1932
Unr. Homosphyronida Chamberlin 1929
+
G. Obisium Leach 1814
Subor. †Palaeosphyronida Harvey 2019
+
Invalid names: Chelifer ehrenbergii Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Chelonethi Thorell 1883 [invalid subgroup], Epiochierata Harvey 1992 [invalid subgroup]
Unr. Pantetrapulmonata Shultz 2007
+
Subcl. Tetrapulmonata Schultz 1990
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Unr. Schizotarsata Shultz 2007
+
Unr. Pedipalpi Borner 1904
+
Or. Amblypygi Thorell 1883 [whip spider]
Or. Thelyphonida Latreille 1804 [whip scorpion]
Unr. Serikodiastida Garwood and Dunlop 2014
+
Or. Araneae Clerck 1757 [spider]
+
G. †Amphiclotho Gourret 1887
G. †Amphithomisus Gourret 1887
G. †Araneaovoius Dunlop and Braddy 2011
G. †Argyrarachne Selden 1999
G. †Atocatle Feldmann et al. 1998
G. †Cercidiella Gourret 1887
G. †Clubionella Gourret 1887
G. †Eresoides Gourret 1887
G. †Herselioides Gourret 1887
Subor. Mesothelae
G. Mygale Latreille 1802
G. †Opisthophylax Menge 1856
Subor. Opisthothelae Pocock 1892
G. †Palaranea Frič 1873
G. †Prodysdera Gourret 1887
G. †Protochersis Gourret 1887
G. †Protolachesis Gourret 1887
G. †Pseudothomisus Gourret 1887
G. †Schellenbergia Heer 1864
Invalid names: Amaurobius faustus Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Amaurobius rimosus Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Amaurobius spinimanus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Anatone Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Anatone marginata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Anatone spinipes Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Archaea incomta Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Archaea sphinx Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Athera Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Athera exilis Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Auximus fossilis Petrunkevitch 1950 [nomen dubium], Auximus succini Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Clubiona eseri Heer 1864 [nomen nudum], Clubiona latifrons Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Clythia Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Clythia alma Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Clythia gracilenta Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Clythia leptocarena Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Corynitoides Dunlop and Jekel 2009 [nomen dubium], Corynitoides spinosa Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Corynitoides undulata Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Dielacata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Dielacata superba Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Drassus oblongus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Dysdera glabrata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Dysdera hippopodium Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Dysdera scobiculata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eocryphoeca distincta Petrunkevitch 1950 [nomen dubium], Eocryphoeca fossilis Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Eometa aberrans Petrunkevitch 1958 [nomen dubium], Eometa robusta Petrunkevitch 1958 [nomen dubium], Epeira eogena Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Epeiridion Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Epeiridion femoratum Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Erithus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Erithus applanatus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ero coronata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ero exculpta Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ero quadripunctata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ero setulosa Koch and Berendt 1854 [nomen dubium], Eyukselus Özdikmen 2007 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus argutus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus felinus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus griseus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus latifrons Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Eyukselus pumilus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Heteromma intersecta Menge 1856 [nomen nudum], Idmonia Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Idmonia virginea Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Laterigradae Thorell [empty], Melanophora lepida Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Melanophora nitida Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Memoratrix Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Memoratrix rydei Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Micaria ovata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Micaria squamata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Micaria tenuis Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Micryphantes globulus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Micryphantes turritus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Miropholcus Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Miropholcus heteropus Petrunkevitch 1942 [nomen dubium], Mizalia truncata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ocypete angustifrons Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Ocypete marginata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Onca Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Onca lepida Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Onca pumila Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Perturbator Petrunkevitch 1971 [nomen dubium], Perturbator corniger Petrunkevitch 1971 [nomen dubium], Phalangopus Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Phalangopus subtilis Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Philodromus griseus Menge 1856 [nomen nudum], Philodromus redrogradus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Philodromus reptans Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Pyritaraneidae Petrunkevitch 1953 [invalid subgroup], Pythonissa bipunctata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Pythonissa discophora Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Pythonissa glabra Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Pythonissa villosa Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Retitelariae Thorell [empty], Saltigradae Latreille [empty], Segestria exarata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Segestria undulata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Siga Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Siga crinita Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Spheconia Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Spheconia brevipes Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Syphax hirtus Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Thomisus matutinus Menge 1856 [nomen nudum], Thyelia pectinata Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Thyelia spinosa Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Tubitelariae Thorell [empty], Zilla cornumana Menge 1854 [nomen nudum], Zilla spinipalpa Menge 1854 [nomen nudum]
Or. †Uraraneida Selden and Shear 2008 [spider]
+
G. †Attercopus Selden and Shear 1991
Fm. †Permarachnidae Eskov and Selden 2005
Or. †Trigonotarbida Petrunkevitch 1949
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Fm. †Anthracomartidae Haase 1890
+
G. †Anthracomartus Karsch 1882
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†Anthracomartus bohemica Fritsch 1895
†Anthracomartus carcinoides Fritsch 1899
+
Invalid names: Arthrolycosa salticoides Fritsch 1899 [synonym], Promygale rotundata Fritsch 1899 [synonym]
†Anthracomartus elegans Fritsch 1899
†Anthracomartus granulatus Fritsch 1904
†Anthracomartus hindi Pocock 1911
+
Invalid names: Cleptomartus planus Petrunkevitch 1949 [synonym], Cryptomartus meyeri Guthörl 1964 [synonym]
†Anthracomartus janae Opluštil 1986
†Anthracomartus kustae Petrunkevitch 1953
†Anthracomartus nyranensis Petrunkevitch 1953
†Anthracomartus palatinus von Ammon 1901
†Anthracomartus priesti Pocock 1911
+
Invalid names: Anthracomartus denuiti Pruvost 1922 [synonym], Cleptomartus plautus Petrunkevitch 1949 [synonym]
†Anthracomartus radvanicensis Oplustil 1985
†Anthracomartus triangularis Petrunkevitch 1913
†Anthracomartus trilobitus Scudder 1884
†Anthracomartus voelkelianus Karsch 1882
Invalid names: Brachylycosa Fritsch 1904 [synonym], Cleptomartus Petrunkevitch 1949 [synonym], Coryphomartus Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym], Cryptomartus Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym], Oomartus Petrunkevitch 1953 [synonym], Perneria Fritsch 1904 [synonym], Pleomartus Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym], Promygale Fritsch 1899 [synonym]
G. †Maiocercus Pocock 1911
+
Invalid names: Brachypygidae Pocock 1911 [synonym], Coryphomartidae Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym], Eurymartus Matthew 1895 [nomen dubium], Eurymartus latus Matthew 1895 [nomen dubium], Pleomartidae Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym], Promygalidae Fritsch 1904 [synonym]
Fm. †Anthracosironidae Pocock 1903
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G. †Anthracosiro Pocock 1903
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†Anthracosiro woodwardi Pocock 1903
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Invalid names: Anthracosiro corsini Pruvost 1926 [synonym], Anthracosiro latipes Gill 1909 [synonym]
Fm. †Aphantomartidae Petrunkevitch 1945
+
G. †Aphantomartus Pocock 1911
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†Aphantomartus areolatus Pocock 1911
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Invalid names: Aphantomartus pococki Pruvost 1912 [synonym], Eophrynus waechteri Guthörl 1938 [synonym], Trigonomartus dorlodoti Pruvost 1930 [synonym]
†Aphantomartus ilfeldicus Scharf 1924
†Aphantomartus pustulatus Scudder 1884
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Invalid names: Cleptomartus ploetzensis Simon 1971 [synonym], Kreischeria villeti Pruvost 1912 [synonym]
Invalid names: Phrynomartus Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym], Trigonomartus Petrunkevitch 1913 [synonym]
Invalid names: Trigonomartidae Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym]
Fm. †Archaeomartidae Poschmann and Dunlop 2010
+
G. †Archaeomartus Størmer 1970
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†Archaeomartus levis Størmer 1970
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Invalid names: Archaeomartus tuberculatus Størmer 1970 [synonym]
Fm. †Eophrynidae Karsch 1882
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G. †Eophrynus Woodward 1871
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†Eophrynus prestvicii Buckland 1837
†Eophrynus udus Brauckmann et al. 1985
†Euphrynus salmi Stur 1877
Invalid names: Duma Giebel 1856 [nomen oblitum]
G. †Nyranytarbus Harvey and Selden 1995
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†Nyranytarbus hofmanni Fritsch 1899
†Nyranytarbus longipes Fritsch 1899
Invalid names: Hemiphrynus Fritsch 1899 [replaced]
G. †Planomartus Petrunkevitch 1953
+
G. †Pleophrynus Petrunkevitch 1945
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†Pleophrynus ensifer Petrunkevitch 1945
†Pleophrynus hawesi Dunlop et al. 2014
†Pleophrynus verrucosus Pocock 1911
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Invalid names: Eophrynus jugatus Ambrose and Romano 1972 [synonym], Eophrynus warei Dix and Pringle 1930 [synonym]
Invalid names: Acrokreischeria Petrunkevitch 1953 [synonym]
G. †Stenotrogulus Fritsch 1904
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Invalid names: Cyclotrogulus Fritsch 1904 [synonym], Pseudoeophrynus Pribyl 1958 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hemiphrynidae Fritsch 1904 [synonym], Pleophrynidae Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym]
Fm. †Kreischeriidae Haase 1890
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G. †Hemikreischeria Fritsch 1904
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†Hemikreischeria geinitzi Thevenin 1902
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Invalid names: Hemikreischeria thevenini Fritsch 1904 [objective synonym]
G. †Pseudokreischeria Petrunkevitch 1953
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Fm. †Lissomartidae Dunlop 1995
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G. †Lissomartus Petrunkevitch 1949
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†Lissomartus carbonarius Petrunkevitch 1913
†Lissomartus schucherti Petrunkevitch 1913
Fm. †Palaeocharinidae Hirst 1923
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G. †Gelasinotarbus Shear et al. 1987
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†Gelasinotarbus bifidus Shear et al. 1987
†Gelasinotarbus bonamoae Shear et al. 1987
†Gelasinotarbus fimbriunguis Shear et al. 1987
†Gelasinotarbus heptops Shear et al. 1987
†Gelasinotarbus reticulatus Shear et al. 1987
G. †Palaeocharinus Hirst 1923
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†Palaeocharinus calmani Hirst 1923
†Palaeocharinus hornei Hirst 1923
†Palaeocharinus kidstoni Hirst 1923
†Palaeocharinus rhyniensis Hirst 1923
†Palaeocharinus scourfieldi Hirst 1923
†Palaeocharinus tuberculatus Fayers et al. 2005
Invalid names: Palaeocharinoides Hirst 1923 [synonym]
G. †Palaeotarbus Dunlop 1999
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†Palaeotarbus jerami Dunlop 1996
Invalid names: Eotarbus Dunlop 1996 [replaced]
Fm. †Trigonotarbidae Petrunkevitch 1949
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G. †Trigonotarbus Pocock 1911
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†Trigonotarbus arnoldi Petrunkevitch 1955
†Trigonotarbus carbonarius Petrunkevitch 1913
†Trigonotarbus johnsoni Pocock 1911
†Trigonotarbus stoermeri Schultka 1991
Invalid names: Anthracomarti Karsch 1882 [replaced], Anthracomartus hageni Goldenberg 1873 [nomen dubium], Elaverimartus Petrunkevitch 1953 [nomen dubium], Elaverimartus pococki Petrunkevitch 1953 [nomen dubium], Eophrynus scharfi Scharf 1924 [nomen dubium], Eurymarti Matthew 1895 [synonym], Eurymartidae Matthew 1895 [invalid subgroup], Eurymartus spinulosus Matthew 1895 [nomen dubium], Termes buchi Goldenberg 1873 [nomen dubium], Trigonomartus woodruffi Scudder 1893 [nomen dubium]
Or. Parasitiformes Reuter 1909
+
Subor. Ixodida Leach 1815 [tick]
+
Fm. †Deinocrotonidae Peñalver et al. 2017
+
Superfm. Ixodoidea Banks 1907
+
Fm. Ixodidae Banks 1907 [hard tick]
+
G. †Compluriscutula Poinar and Buckley 2008
G. †Cornupalpatum Poinar and Brown 2003
G. Ixodes Latreille 1795
Subor. Mesostigmata Canestrini 1891
+
Infraor. Monogynaspida Camin and Gorirossi 1955
+
Unr. Gamasina Kramer 1881
+
Unr. Dermanyssiae Evans and Till 1979
Unr. Epicriiae Vitzthum 1938
Unr. †Parasitiae Reuter 1909
Infraor. Trigynaspida Camin and Gorirossi 1955
+
Invalid names: Gamasida Leach 1815 [synonym]
Subor. Opilioacarida Zachvatkin 1952
+
Superfm. Opilioacaroidea Vitzthum 1931
+
Fm. Opilioacaridae Vitzthum 1932
+
G. Opilioacarus With 1902
G. Paracarus Chamberlin and Mulaik 1942
Or. †Phalangiotarbida Haase 1890 [phalangiotarbid]
+
Fm. †Anthracotarbidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1969
+
Fm. †Architarbidae Karsch 1882
+
G. †Architarbus Scudder 1868
+
†Architarbus hoffmanni Guthörl 1934
+
Invalid names: Goniotarbus sarana Guthorl 1965 [objective synonym], Opiliotarbus kliveri Waterlot 1934 [objective synonym]
†Architarbus minor Petrunkevitch 1913
†Architarbus rotundatus Scudder 1868
+
Invalid names: Geraphrynus carbonarius Scudder 1884 [synonym]
Invalid names: Geraphrynus Scudder 1884 [synonym]
G. †Geratarbus Scudder 1890
+
†Geratarbus bohemicus Petrunkevitch 1953
†Geratarbus lacoei Scudder 1890
G. †Goniotarbus Petrunkevitch 1949
+
†Goniotarbus angulatus Pocock 1911
†Goniotarbus tuberculatus Pocock 1911
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Invalid names: Goniotarbus tuberculatus Petrunkevitch 1949 [synonym]
G. †Mesotarbus Petrunkevitch 1949
+
†Mesotarbus angustus Pocock 1911
†Mesotarbus eggintoni Pocock 1911
†Mesotarbus hindi Pocock 1911
†Mesotarbus intermedius Petrunkevitch 1949
†Mesotarbus peteri Dunlop and Horrocks 1997
G. †Ootarbus Petrunkevitch 1945
+
†Ootarbus ovatus Petrunkevitch 1945
†Ootarbus pulcher Petrunkevitch 1945
G. †Orthotarbus Petrunkevitch 1945
+
†Orthotarbus longipes Simon 1971
†Orthotarbus minutus Petrunkevitch 1913
†Orthotarbus nyranensis Petrunkevitch 1953
†Orthotarbus robustus Petrunkevitch 1945
Invalid names: Phalangiotarbidae Haase 1890 [synonym]
Fm. †Devonotarbidae Poschmann and Dunlop 2012
+
Fm. †Heterotarbidae Petrunkevitch 1913
+
Fm. †Opiliotarbidae Petrunkevitch 1945
+
Invalid names: Architarbida Petrunkevitch 1945 [synonym], Eotarbus Kušta 1889 [nomen dubium], Eotarbus litoralis Kušta 1889 [nomen dubium], Protopilio depressus Petrunkevitch 1913 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Poecilophysidea Pepato et al. 2010
+
Or. Acariformes Zakhvatkin 1952 [mite]
+
Subor. Sarcoptiformes Reuter 1909
+
Infraor. Endeostigmata
+
Unr. Alicorhagiina
Unr. Alycina
Fm. †Protacaridae Klimov and Kolesnikov 2025
Infraor. Oribatida Dugès 1834 [oribatid mite]
+
Unr. Astigmata Canestrini 1891
Unr. Brachypylina Hull 1918
Unr. Desmonomata Woodley 1873
Unr. Enarthronota Grandjean 1947
Unr. Mixonomata Grandjean 1969
Unr. Palaeosomata Grandjean 1969
Unr. Parhyposomata Grandjean 1969
Invalid names: Anopluropsis Kumar 2004 [nomen dubium]
Subor. Trombidiformes Reuter 1909
+
Infraor. Prostigmata
+
Unr. Anystides Van der Hammen 1972
Infraor. Eleutherengona Oudemans 1909
Unr. Eleutherengonides Oudemans 1909
Unr. Eupodides Krantz 1978
Unr. Labidostommatides Lindquist et al. 2009
Invalid names: Amblyceropsis Kumar 2004 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Tetrapodili Oudemans 1923
+
Superfm. Eriophyoidea Nalepa 1898
Superfm. †Triasacaroidea Lindquist and Sidorchuk 2014
Or. Solifugae Sundevall 1833 [camel spider]
+
Fm. Ammotrechidae Roewer 1934
+
G. †Happlodontus Poinar and Santiago-Blay 1989
+
†Happlodontus proterus Poinar and Santiago-Blay 1989
Fm. Daesiidae Kraepelin 1899
+
Or. Ricinulei Thorell 1876 [hooded tickspider]
+
Subor. Posteriorricinulei Wunderlich 2015
+
Fm. †Curculioididae Cockerell 1916
+
G. †Amarixys Selden 1992
+
†Amarixys gracilis Petrunkevitch 1945
†Amarixys stellaris Selden 1992
†Amarixys sulcata Melander 1903
G. †Curculioides Buckland 1837
+
†Curculioides adompha Brauckmann 1987
†Curculioides ansticii Buckland 1837
†Curculioides bohemondi Whalen and Selden 2020
†Curculioides eltringhami Petrunkevitch 1949
†Curculioides gigas Selden 1992
†Curculioides granulatus Petrunkevitch 1949
†Curculioides mcluckiei Selden 1992
†Curculioides pococki Selden 1992
†Curculioides scaber Scudder 1890
Invalid names: Hevila Giebel 1856 [objective synonym]
Fm. †Poliocheridae Scudder 1884
+
G. †Poliochera Scudder 1884
+
†Poliochera cretacea Wunderlich 2012
†Poliochera gibbsi Selden 1992
†Poliochera glabra Petrunkevitch 1913
†Poliochera punctulata Scudder 1884
Subor. †Primoricinulei Wunderlich 2015
+
Fm. †Hirsutisomidae Wunderlich 2017
+
G. †Hirsutisoma Wunderlich 2017
+
†Hirsutisoma acutiformis Wunderlich 2017
†Hirsutisoma bruckschi Wunderlich 2017
†Hirsutisoma dentata Wunderlich 2017
†Hirsutisoma grimaldii Botero-Trujillo et al. 2022
Fm. †Primoricinuleidae Wunderlich 2015
+
Fm. †Sigillaricinuleidae Wunderlich 2022
+
Invalid names: Palaeoricinulei Selden 1992 [empty]
Unr. Stomothecata Shultz 2007
+
Or. Opiliones Sundevall 1833 [harvestman]
+
Subor. Cyphophthalmi Simon 1879
+
G. †Foveacorpus Bartel et al. 2023
+
†Foveacorpus cretaceus Bartel et al. 2023
†Foveacorpus parvus Bartel et al. 2023
Fm. Stylocellidae Hansen and Sorensen 1904
+
G. Leptopsalis Thorell 1882
G. †Mesopsalis Bartel et al. 2023
G. †Palaeosiro Poinar 2008
G. †Sirocellus Bartel et al. 2023
G. †Hasseltides Weyenburgh 1869
Subor. Laniatores Thorell 1876
+
Fm. †Monooculricinuleidae Wunderlich 2017
+
G. †Monooculricinuleus Wunderlich 2017
+
†Monooculricinuleus incisus Wunderlich 2017
†Monooculricinuleus semiglobosus Wunderlich 2017
Unr. Phalangida Bristowe 1949
+
Subor. Dyspnoi Hansen and Sorensen 1904
+
G. †Ameticos Garwood et al. 2011
G. †Echinopustulus Dunlop 2004
Fm. †Halithersidae Dunlop et al. 2016
Superfm. Ischyropsalidoidea Simon 1879
Superfm. Troguloidea Sundevall 1833
Subor. Eupnoi Hansen and Sorensen 1904
+
G. †Brigantibunum Dunlop and Anderson 2005
Superfm. Caddoidea Banks 1893
G. †Daohugopilio Huang et al. 2009
G. †Kustarachne Scudder 1890
G. †Macrogyion Garwood et al. 2011
Superfm. Phalangioidea Latreille 1802
G. †Tyrannobunus Bartel and Dunlop 2023
Subor. †Tetrophthalmi Garwood et al. 2014
+
G. †Eophalangium Dunlop et al. 2004
G. †Hastocularis Garwood et al. 2014
G. Phalangium Linnaeus 1758
G. Platybunus Koch 1839
Invalid names: Cheiromachus Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Cheiromachus coriaceus Menge 1854 [nomen dubium], Phalangidae Roewer 1923 [empty], Phalangium succineum Presl 1822 [nomen dubium], Phalangodidae Simon 1879 [empty]
Or. Scorpiones Latreille 1817 [scorpion]
+
Subor. †Bilobosternina Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Superfm. †Branchioscorpionoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Fm. †Branchioscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Dolichophoniidae Petrunkevitch 1953
Invalid names: Dolichophonidae Petrunkevitch 1953 [empty]
Subor. †Holosternina Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Superfm. †Acanthoscorpionoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Fm. †Acanthoscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Stenoscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Superfm. †Eoctonoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Fm. †Allobuthiscorpiidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Anthracoscorpionidae Fritsch 1904
Fm. †Buthiscorpiidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Eoctonidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Garnettiidae Dubinin 1962
Superfm. †Gigantoscorpionoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Fm. †Gigantoscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Invalid names: Petaloscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym]
Superfm. †Mesophonoidea Wills 1910
+
Fm. †Centromachidae Petrunkevitch 1953
+
Invalid names: Anthracochaerilidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym], Phoxiscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym]
Fm. †Gallioscorpionidae Lourenço and Gall 2004
Fm. †Heloscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Mazoniidae Petrunkevitch 1913
Fm. †Mesophonidae Wills 1910
Fm. †Willsiscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Superfm. †Spongiophonoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Fm. †Praearcturidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Spongiophonidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Invalid names: Stoermeroscorpionoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [invalid subgroup]
Subor. †Lobosternina Pocock 1911
+
Superfm. †Isobuthoidea Petrunkevitch 1913
+
Fm. †Eobuthidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Eoscorpiidae Scudder 1884
Fm. †Isobuthidae Petrunkevitch 1913
Fm. †Kronoscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Pareobuthidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Superfm. †Loboarchaeoctonoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Fm. †Loboarchaeoctonidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Waterstoniidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Superfm. †Paraisobuthoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Fm. †Paraisobuthidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Scoloposcorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Telmatoscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Invalid names: Opsieobuthidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [empty]
Superfm. †Pseudobuthiscorpioidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Invalid names: Pseudobuthiscorpiidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [empty]
Invalid names: Anthracochaeriloidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [empty], Palaeophonoidea Thorell and Lindstroem 1884 [empty]
Subor. †Meristosternina Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
Superfm. †Cyclophthalmoidea Thorell and Lindstroem 1885
+
Fm. †Cyclophthalmidae Thorell and Lindström 1885
Fm. †Microlabiidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Subor. Orthosternina Pocock 1911
+
Superfm. Buthoidea Koch 1837
+
Fm. Ananteridae Pocock 1900
Fm. †Archaeobuthidae Lourenço 2001
Fm. †Palaeoburmesebuthidae Lourenço 2015
Fm. †Protobuthidae Lourenço and Gall 2004
Superfm. Chactoidea Pocock 1893
+
Fm. Chactidae Pocock 1893
Fm. Euscorpiidae Laurie 1896
Fm. Hemiscorpiidae Pocock 1893
Fm. †Palaeoeuscorpiidae Lourenço 2003
Fm. †Protochactidae Lourenço et al. 2022
Superfm. Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802
+
G. †Compsoscorpius Petrunkevitch 1949
+
Invalid names: Allobuthiscorpius Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym], Coseleyscorpio Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym], Leioscorpio Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym], Lichnoscorpius Petrunkevitch 1949 [synonym], Pseudobuthiscorpius Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym]
Fm. †Palaeopisthacanthidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
Fm. †Protoischnuridae de Carvalho and Lourenço 2001
Fm. Scorpionidae Latreille 1802
Fm. †Palaeotrilineatidae Lourenço 2012
+
Fm. †Proscorpiidae Scudder 1885
+
G. †Proscorpius
+
†Proscorpius osborni Whitfield 1885
+
Invalid names: Archaeophonus eurypteroides Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 [synonym], Stoermeroscorpio delicatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archaeophonus Kjellesvig-Waering 1966 [synonym], Stoermeroscorpio Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym]
G. †Pseudoarchaeoctonus Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
+
†Pseudoarchaeoctonus denticulatus Kjellesvig-Waering 1986
G. †Waeringoscorpio Størmer 1970
+
†Labriscorpio alliedensis Leary 1980
†Waeringoscorpio hefteri Størmer 1970
†Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis Poschmann et al. 2008
Invalid names: Archaeoctonidae Petrunkevitch 1949 [synonym], Hydroscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym], Labriscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym], Stoermeroscorpioniidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [synonym], Waeringoscorpionidae Størmer 1970 [synonym]
Invalid names: Allopalaeophonoidea Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [invalid subgroup], Archaeoctonoidea Petrunkevitch 1949 [invalid subgroup], Branchioscorpionina Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [invalid subgroup], Liassoscorpionidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986 [invalid subgroup], Mesoscorpionina Stockwell 1989 [empty], Palaeophonus lightbodyi Kjellesvig-Waering 1954 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Acari Leach 1817 [invalid subgroup], Acaromorpha Dubinin 1957 [invalid subgroup], Arthrolycosa tarda Frič 1912 [nomen dubium], Podurites Matthew 1895 [nomen dubium], Podurites saltator Matthew 1895 [nomen dubium], Pseudoscorpionida Latreille 1817 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class | |||||
| Reference: Bush and Bambach 2015 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Telychian to the top of the Holocene or 438.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 432.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 432.9 Ma
Collections (726 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Telychian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Palaeophonus loudonensis (153581) | |
| Telychian - Sheinwoodian | United Kingdom (South Lanarkshire) | Palaeophonus caledonicus (153592) | |
| Sheinwoodian | Sweden | Palaeophonus nuncius (153548) | |
| Wenlock | Canada (Ontario) | Eramoscorpius brucensis (165189 165190) | |
| Ludfordian | United Kingdom (Wales) | Scorpiones indet. (153611) | |
| Pridoli | United Kingdom (Shropshire) | Palaeophonus lightbodyi (153549) | |
| Pridoli | United Kingdom (England) | Trigonotarbida indet. (11128) | |
| Pridoli | USA (New York) | Palaeophonus osborni (153533) Proscorpius osborni (491 153530 153531 238279) Proscorpius osborni, Archaeophonus eurypteroides (153532) Proscorpius osborni, Stoermeroscorpio delicatus, Archaeophonus eurypteroides (153529) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Worcestershire) | Brontoscorpio anglicus (153545) | |
| Lochkovian | USA (Wyoming) | Hydroscorpius denisoni, Praearcturus sp., Acanthoscorpio mucronatus, Branchioscorpio richardsoni (153534) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom (Herefordshire) | Praearcturus gigas (201736) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom | Arianrhoda bennetti (153478) | |
| Lochkovian | United Kingdom (England) | Praearcturus gigas (153544) | |
| Pragian | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Palaeocharinus kidstoni (10721) Palaeocharinus sp., Eophalangium sheari, Saccogulus seldeni (153498) Palaeocharinus sp., Palaeocharinoides hornei, Palaeocharinus scourfieldi, Palaeocharinus calmani, Palaeocharinus rhyniensis, Protacarus crani, Protospeleorchestes pseudoprotacarus, Palaeotydeus devonicus, Paraprotacarus hirsti (172777) Palaeocharinus tuberculatus (153492) Palaeocteniza crassipes, Palaeocharinus sp., Protacarus crani (172778) | |
| Pragian | Germany | Archaeomartus levis, Spinocharinus steinmeyeri, Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis (155760) Devonotarbus hombachensis (162728 162729) Devonotarbus hombachensis, Trigonotarbida indet. (152107) Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis (155761) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany (Alken) | Archaeomartus tuberculatus, Alkenia mirabilis, Archaeometa devonica, Waeringoscorpio hefteri (27049) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | Alkenia mirabilis (155774) Devonotarbus hombachensis (162730) Devonotarbus hombachensis, Archaeomartus levis, Alkenia mirabilis, Waeringoscorpio hefteri (155757) Devonotarbus hombachensis, Xenarachne willwerathensis (155775) Palaeoscorpius devonicus (26904) Trigonotarbus stoermeri (172343) Waeringoscorpio hefteri (155758 155759) | |
| Eifelian | USA (New York) | Oribatida indet., Devonacarus sellnicki, Protochthonius gilboa (106001) | |
| Early/Lower Givetian | USA (New York) | Arachnida indet., Attercopus fimbriungus (28295) Gelasinotarbus reticulatus, Gelasinotarbus bonamoae, Gelasinotarbus fimbriunguis, Gilboarachne griersoni (153480) | |
| Givetian | USA (New York) | Arachnida indet. A, Arachnida indet. B, Dracochela deprehendor, Attercopus fimbriunguis, Ecchosis pulchribothrium, Aculeatarbus depressus, Gelasinotarbus reticulatus, Gelasinotarbus bifidus, Gelasinotarbus bonamoae, Gelasinotarbus heptops, Gilboarachne griersoni, Archaeacarus dubinini (28246) Arachnida indet. B, Gelasinotarbus reticulatus, Gelasinotarbus bonamoae, Gelasinotarbus fimbriunguis, Gilboarachne griersoni (21172) | |