PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Threskiornithinae (ibis)

Reptilia - Pelecaniformes - Threskiornithidae

Taxonomy

Threskiornithinae was named by Richmond (1917). It is extant. It was considered unknown by Campbell (1979).

It was assigned to Plataleidae by Campbell (1979); and to Threskiornithidae by Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Cheneval (1984), Emslie (1995), Worthy and Nguyen (2020).

Subtaxa

Theristicus

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1917	Threskiornithinae Richmond
1940	Threskiornithinae Wetmore p. 18
1956	Threskiornithinae Wetmore p. 22
1979	Threskiornithinae Campbell
1984	Threskiornithinae Cheneval p. 82
1995	Threskiornithinae Emslie
2020	Threskiornithinae Worthy and Nguyen p. 90

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Aequornithes
—	Feraequornithes
superorder	Pelecanimorphae	Huxley 1867
order	Pelecaniformes	Sharpe 1891
family	Threskiornithidae	Richmond 1917
subfamily	Threskiornithinae	Richmond 1917
subfamily	Threskiornithinae	Richmond 1917

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subfm. Threskiornithinae Richmond 1917 [ibis]

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G. Theristicus Wagler 1832 [ibis]

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†Theristicus wetmorei Campbell 1979 [ibis]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialf

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

volantf

Diet:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 17:09:47

Modified:

2009-01-03 19:09:47

Source: f = family, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Terborgh et al. 1990

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Clarendonian to the top of the Holocene or 12.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma

Collections (3 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Clarendonian	12.5 - 9.4	USA (Florida)	Threskiornithinae indet. (18554)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Peru	Theristicus wetmorei (71346)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Uruguay	Theristicus caerulescens (215437)