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Encrinaster
Taxonomy
Encrinaster was named by Haekel (1866) [Sepkoski's age data: O Ashg-m C Tour Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. It is the type genus of Encrinasteridae, Encrinasterinae.
It was assigned to Euzonosomatidae by Spencer (1930) and Lehmann (1957); to Encrinasterinae by Harper and Morris (1978); to Oegophiurida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Encrinasteridae by Schuchert (1915), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966), Jell and Theron (1999) and Dean Shackleton (2005).
It was assigned to Euzonosomatidae by Spencer (1930) and Lehmann (1957); to Encrinasterinae by Harper and Morris (1978); to Oegophiurida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Encrinasteridae by Schuchert (1915), Owen (1965), Spencer and Wright (1966), Jell and Theron (1999) and Dean Shackleton (2005).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1848 | Aspidosoma Goldfuss p. 145 |
| 1866 | Encrinaster Haekel p. 67 |
| 1899 | Aspidosoma Gregory p. 351 |
| 1915 | Encrinaster Schuchert pp. 241-243 |
| 1930 | Encrinaster Spencer pp. 418-419 |
| 1957 | Encrinaster Lehmann pp. 28-29 |
| 1965 | Encrinaster Owen p. 552 |
| 1966 | Encrinaster Spencer and Wright p. U85 |
| 1978 | Encrinaster Harper and Morris p. 156 |
| 1999 | Encrinaster Jell and Theron p. 163 |
| 2002 | Encrinaster Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Encrinaster Dean Shackleton p. 82 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Encrinaster Haekel 1866
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†Encrinaster arnoldi Goldfuss 1848
†Encrinaster eifelensis Schöndorf 1910
†Encrinaster grayae Spencer 1914
†Encrinaster hamlingi Spencer 1930
†Encrinaster laevidiscus Lehmann 1957
†Encrinaster petaloides Simonovitsch 1871
†Encrinaster petaloides goslariensis Halfar 1893
†Encrinaster pontis Clarke 1913
†Encrinaster roemeri Schöndorf 1910
†Encrinaster tischbeinianus Roemer 1864
Invalid names: Aspidosoma Goldfuss 1848 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Dean Shackleton 2005 | Distal margin of ambulacrals in oral view strongly inclined; adambulacral groove spines paddle-shaped; loss of square-shaped short adambulacral groove spines; marginalia bears spines. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, p = phylum | |||||
| References: Aberhan 1992, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Collections (18 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rawtheyan | United Kingdom (Scotland) | E. grayae (73134) | |
| Devonian | Brazil (Lambedor) | Aspidosoma pontis (75176) | |
| Early/Lower Emsian | Germany | E. primigenius, E. roemeri (26904) | |
| Emsian | South Africa | E. sp. (a) (35578) | |
| Emsian | Uruguay | E. sp. (37078) | |
| Emsian | Brazil (Parana) | E. sp. (37081 37082 37084) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul) | E. sp. (37117) | |
| Emsian - Eifelian | Brazil (Parana) | E. sp. (37104 37106) | |
| Eifelian | South Africa | E. tischbeinianus (39147 39148 39149) | |
| Eifelian - Givetian | Brazil (Parana) | E. sp. (37144 37145 37146) | |
| Givetian | USA (New York) | E. sp. (113107) |