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Smittinoidea

Gymnolaemata - Cheilostomata

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1909Smittinoidea Levinsen
1994Smittinoidea Gordon et al.
2003Smittinoidea Schmidt
2006Smittinoidea Berning p. 76
2007Smittinoidea Guha and Gopikrishna
2012Smittinoidea Gordon p. 10
2015Smittinoidea Di Martino and Taylor

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
Lophophorata
RankNameAuthor
phylumBryozoaEhrenberg 1831
classGymnolaemataAllman 1856
orderCheilostomataBusk 1859
suborderNeocheilostominad'Hondt 1985
superfamilySmittinoideaLevinsen 1909
superfamilySmittinoideaLevinsen 1909

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Smittinoidea Levinsen 1909
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Fm. Bitectiporidae MacGillivray 1895
+
G. Bitectipora MacGillivray 1895
G. Cribella Jullien 1903
G. Hippoporina Neviani 1895
+
Hippoporina canui Cipolla 1922
Hippoporina elongata MacGillivray 1895
Hippoporina longidens Cipolla 1921
Hippoporina miocenica Gordon et al. 1994
Hippoporina oricelata Brown 1952
Hippoporina praetexta Canu and Bassler 1935
Hippoporina sinus Brown 1956
Hippoporina vespertilio Canu and Bassler 1920
G. Kermadecazoon Tilbrook 2006
G. †Metroperiella Canu and Bassler 1917
+
Invalid names: Codonellina Canu and Bassler 1934 [synonym]
G. Neodakaria Soule et al. 1995
G. Nigrapercula Tilbrook 2006
G. Parkermavella Gordon and d'Hondt 1997
G. Pentapora Fischer 1807
G. Schizomavella Canu and Bassler 1917
+
Subg. †Schizomavella (Schizomavella) Canu and Bassler 1917
Schizomavella aculifera Canu and Lecointre 1928
Schizomavella decorata Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
Schizomavella dubia Brown 1952
Schizomavella porosa Canu and Bassler 1920
G. Schizosmittina Vigneaux 1949
Invalid names: Hippoporinidae [synonym]
Fm. Lanceoporidae Harmer 1957
+
G. Calyptotheca Harmer 1957
+
Calyptotheca aviculifera Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
Calyptotheca subhexagonalis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
Calyptotheca subrectangulata Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. Emballotheca Levinsen 1909
+
Emballotheca angustata Canu and Bassler 1935
Emballotheca granulata Canu and Bassler 1935
Emballotheca inclinata Canu and Bassler 1935
Emballotheca quadrata MacGillivray 1880
+
Invalid names: Eschara elegans MacGillivray 1869 [replaced]
G. Lanceopora d'Orbigny 1851
+
Lanceopora obliqua MacGillivray 1869
Invalid names: Parmularia MacGillivray 1887 [synonym]
G. Stephanotheca Reverter-Gil et al. 2012
Invalid names: Parmulariidae Maplestone 1912 [synonym]
Fm. Smittinidae Levinsen 1909
+
G. Aspericreta Hayward and Thorpe 1990
G. Dakariella Moyano 1966
G. Dengordonia Soule et al. 1995
G. Dittomesia Gordon 1989
G. Hemismittoidea Soule and Soule 1973
+
Hemismittoidea waiorensis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. †Houzeauina Pergens 1889
+
Houzeauina rakhadiae Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. Parasmittina Osburn 1952
+
Parasmittina auris Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
Parasmittina gujaratica Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
Parasmittina harudiensis Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
Parasmittina johni Guha and Gopikrishna 2007
G. Pemmatoporella Hayward and Taylor 1984
G. Phylactella Hincks 1880
+
Phylactella chapmani Canu and Bassler 1935
Invalid names: Alysidota Busk 1856 [synonym]
G. †Phylactellina Stach 1936
+
G. †Plagiosmittia Canu and Bassler 1917
+
Plagiosmittia porelloides Canu and Bassler 1920
G. Platychelyna Hayward and Thorpe 1990
G. Pleurocodonellina Soule and Soule 1973
G. †Porismittina Buge 1957
G. Prenantia Gautier 1962
G. Pseudoflustra Bidenkap 1897
G. Raymondcia Soule et al. 1995
G. †Rimulostoma Vigneaux 1949
G. †Schismoporella Gregory 1893
G. Smittina Norman 1903
+
Subg. Smittina (Reussia) Neviani 1895
Subg. Smittina (Smittina) Bassler 1953
Smittina acaroensis Levinsen 1909
Smittina bathydonta Brown 1952
Smittina canavarii Neviani 1900
Smittina crepidula Brown 1952
Smittina cribraria MacGillivray 1886
Smittina denticulifera Canu and Bassler 1920
Smittina eagari Brown 1958
Smittina flexuosa Hutton 1873
Smittina inarmata Brown 1958
Smittina landsborovii Johnston 1847
Smittina messiniensis El Hajjaji 1992
Smittina ordinata MacGillivray 1895
Smittina parviovicellosa Canu and Bassler 1935
Smittina perforata Canu and Bassler 1935
Smittina purpurea Hincks 1881
Smittina rogickae Brown 1958
Smittina trispinosa Johnston 1838
+
Smittina unispinosa Waters 1889
Smittina uttleyi Brown 1958
Invalid names: Smittia Hincks 1879 [replaced]
G. †Smittinella Canu and Bassler 1934
+
Smittinella magna Canu and Bassler 1935
Smittinella magniporosa Canu and Bassler 1935
Smittinella osifera Canu and Bassler 1935
Smittinella tatei Tenison-Woods 1877
Smittinella woodi Brown 1952
Smittinella zealandiae Brown 1952
G. Smittoidea Osburn 1952
+
Smittoidea crepidula Brown 1952
Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule 1973
Smittoidea reticulata MacGillivray 1842
G. Thrypticocirrus Hayward and Thorpe 1988
G. Tracheloptyx Hayward 1993
Invalid names: Phylactellidae Canu and Bassler 1917 [synonym], Schismoporellineae Gregory 1893 [synonym], Smittidae Jullien 1888 [synonym]
G. †Tubescharina Buge 1957
Fm. Watersiporidae Vigneaux 1949
+
G. Pachycleithonia Canu and Bassler 1930
G. Uscia Banta 1969
G. Veleroa Osburn 1952
G. Watersipora Neviana 1896
+
Watersipora goniostoma Reuss 1848
Invalid names: Dakaria Jullien 1903 [synonym]
Invalid names: Dakariinae Vigneaux 1949 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: intermediate Mg calciteo
Environment: marineuc
Locomotion: stationaryo
Attached: yeso
Life habit: epifaunalo
Diet: suspension feedero
Vision: blindc
Reproduction: oviparouso
Brooding: yeso
Created: 2007-09-18 02:46:35
Modified: 2008-02-27 09:01:45
Source: o = order, c = class, uc = unranked clade
References: Smith et al. 2006, Nesnidal et al. 2013

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma

Collections (170 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Maastrichtian72.2 - 66.0USA (Alabama) Hippoporina sp. (83238)
Danian66.0 - 61.66USA (Alabama) Hippoporina midwayaica (83297)
Cenozoic66.0 - 0.0Australia (Victoria) Parmularia obliqua (174184) Phylactellina cowandillensis (174185)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03India (Gujarat) Parasmittina auris, Parasmittina harudiensis, Parasmittina johni (177176)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71India Parasmittina auris, Parasmittina harudiensis, Parasmittina johni (178699)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) Hippoporina sp. (42644)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Alabama) Hippoporina lucens, Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina exigua, Smittina coronata, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica, Schizomavella porosa (7331) Smittina angulata, Smittina jacksonica (7316) Smittina jacksonica (7317)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71USA (Florida) Hippoporina lucens, Phylactella parvicollum, Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina strombecki, Schizomavella porosa (7330) Hippoporina lucens, Plagiosmittia regularis, Schizomavella granulifera, Smittina portentosa, Smittina strombecki, Smittina jacksonica (7322) Hippoporina lucens, Plagiosmittia regularis, Smittina portentosa, Smittina jacksonica (7324) Hippoporina lucens, Schizomavella arborea, Smittina jacksonica, Smittina telum (7332) Hippoporina lucens, Schizomavella granulifera (7327) Plagiosmittia incrustans, Smittina jacksonica (7328) Plagiosmittia regularis (7329) Schizomavella granulifera (7325) Schizomavella granulosa, Smittina jacksonica (7321)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9USA (Georgia) Hippoporina vespertilio, Schizomavella porosa, Smittina denticulifera, Plagiosmittia porelloides (90479 90480) Smittina portentosa (160397)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Florida) Plagiosmittia regularis, Schizomavella granulifera (7318) Schizomavella granulifera (7319)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9New Zealand (North Otago) Parasmittina sp. (172815) Smittoidea sp. 1, Smittoidea sp. 2 (172816)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9USA (Mississippi) Smittina angulata, Porella denticulifera (84174)
Runangan36.7 - 34.6New Zealand Smittina crepidula, Hippoporina oricelata, Smittina bathydonta (173838)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Alabama) Hippoporina lucens, Schizomavella arborea, Smittina reticuloides, Smittina telum, Smittina pupa, Smittina tubulata (90528) Smittina ampla (90549 90561 90563) Smittina ampla, Smittina cophia, Smittina granulosa (90562) Smittina granulosa (90551) Smittina tubulata (90548)
Rupelian33.9 - 27.3USA (Mississippi) Hippoporina lucens (90565) Schizomavella longirostris, Smittina angulata (90547)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04India Calyptotheca subrectangulata (178701)
Oligocene33.9 - 23.04New Zealand (North-West Nelson) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Schizomavella dubia, Smittinella zealandiae (173837)
Rupelian - Chattian33.9 - 23.04India (Gujarat) Calyptotheca subrectangulata (177174)
Oligocene - Miocene33.9 - 5.333Australia (Victoria) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Emballotheca angustata, Smittina uttleyi, Smittina inarmata, Smittinella tatei (173512) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Smittina cribraria, Smittinella tatei (173508) Hippoporina elongata, Smittinella tatei (173526) Smittina eagari (173527) Smittina ordinata (173509) Smittina sp., Hippoporina incomposita (173510) Smittinella tatei (173521)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Malta Smittina sp. (239940) Smittina sp., Smittina cervicornis (239934 239958)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Germany Smittina diplostoma, Smittina sp. (46102)
Chattian27.3 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Dakaria crassocirca (174142) Fenestrulina praetexta (174147) Phylactella chapmani (174152) Smittina parviocellosa, Emballotheca angustata (174151) Smittinella magna (174154)
Miocene - Oligocene23.04 - 23.04Australia (Victoria) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Hippoporina incomposita, Smittina inarmata, Smittinella tatei, Smittina ordinata (173511) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Hippoporina incomposita, Smittinella tatei, Smittina ordinata (173506) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Smittina inarmata, Smittina ordinata (173528) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Smittina ordinata (173525) Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Smittinella tatei (173520 173524) Hippoporina incomposita, Plagiosmittia australis, Smittina eagari, Smittina uttleyi, Smittina rogickae, Smittinella tatei, Smittinella wataepoolanensis (173504) Schizomavella auriculata, Hippoporina pertusa, Hippoporina burlingtoniensis, Hippoporina praetexta, Smittinella tatei (173516) Smittinella tatei (173517 173519) Smittinella tatei, Smittina ordinata (173502 173518)
Aquitanian23.04 - 20.45India (Gujarat) Schizomavella decorata, Calyptotheca aviculifera, Calyptotheca subhexagonalis, Hemismittoidea waiorensis, Houzeauina rakhadiae, Parasmittina gujaratica (177173)
Early/Lower Miocene23.04 - 15.98India Schizomavella decorata, Calyptotheca aviculifera, Calyptotheca subhexagonalis, Hemismittoidea waiorensis, Houzeauina rakhadiae, Parasmittina gujaratica (178702) Schizomavella decorata, Calyptotheca aviculifera, Parasmittina gujaratica (178703)
Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene23.04 - 11.63French Southern Territories (Kerguelen Island) Phylactella sp. (209847)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333France Hippoporina sp. (127499)
Otaian21.7 - 18.7New Zealand (West Coast) Hippoporina miocenica, Smittoidea crepidula (172797)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Indonesia Smittina sp., Calyptotheca sp. 1, Pleurocodonellina sp., Smittoidea pacifica (173651)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Germany Schizomavella sp., Smittina cervicornis (188985)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98India (Gujarat) Schizomavella decorata, Calyptotheca aviculifera, Parasmittina gujaratica (177172)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98Egypt Porella cervicornis (47007)
Burdigalian20.45 - 15.98France Smittina sp. (65395)
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand Hippoporina pertusa, Smittina purpurea (173830)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82Australia (Victoria) Emballotheca inclinata, Hippomonavella acutirostris, Smittina perforata, Smittinella osifera, Smittinella magniporosa, Phylactella chapmani (174139) Smittinella tatei (167299)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Australia (Victoria) Smittina elongata, Smittina seriata, Smittinella tatei (166365)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Czechia Prenantia cheilostoma, Smittina cervicornis (178890) Schizomavella tenella (178893 178902) Schizomavella tenella, Smittina cervicornis (178895 178896 178897 178898 178899 178901) Smittina cervicornis (178887 178888 178892)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Romania Emballotheca seriata, Schizomavella protuberans, Schizomavella tenella, Smittina cervicornis (178089) Smittina cervicornis (178090)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Indonesia Calyptotheca sp. 1, Calyptotheca sp. 2 (173647) Parasmittina sp. (173650)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Hungary Schizomavella grossipora, Smittina cervicornis (34739)
Waiauan13.05 - 11.04New Zealand Smittinella woodi (173831)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama Hippoporina aculeata (61342)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Spain Hippoporina sp., Schizomavella sp., Smittoidea sp., Calyptotheca sp. 1, Calyptotheca sp. 2, Emballotheca longidens, Smittina messiniensis, Watersipora goniostoma (178465) Schizomavella auriculata (177481) Schizomavella auriculata, Emballotheca longidens, Schismoporella aculifera, Hippoporina canui, Hippoporina odontostoma, Hippomonavella moissettei, Smittina marionensis, Watersipora crassilabia, Watersipora goniostoma (177486) Schizomavella auriculata, Hippoporina canui, Hippomonavella moissettei, Smittina marionensis, Watersipora goniostoma (177485) Schizomavella linearis, Hippoporina canui, Smittina cervicornis, Smittoidea reticulata (177482) Smittina cervicornis (177479) Smittoidea reticulata (177480)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Panama (Colon) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina n. sp. 1 (79785)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Australia (Victoria) Dakaria crassocirca (166810)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Morocco Porella cervicornis (70928) Schizomavella sp., Smittina sp., Schizomavella linearis (34723) Smittoidea reticulata, Porella cervicornis (34724)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Algeria Schismoporella aculifera (69864) Schizomavella aculifera (70785)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Greece (Rhodes) Watersipora complanata, Watersipora subovoidea, Schizomavella auriculata (122994)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Australia (Victoria) Parmularia obliqua (174189)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Portugal Metroperiella sp., Schizomavella triaviculata, Smittoidea sp. (152330)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Panama (Bocas del Toro) Hippoporina aculeata, Parasmittina areolata (79982)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Australia (Victoria) Smittinella tatei, Dakaria crassocirca (166744)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Australia (South Australia) Emballotheca quadrata, Parmularia obliqua, Smittina trispinosa (172911) Parmularia obliqua, Hippoporina sinus (172913)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Spain Emballotheca longidens, Schismoporella aculifera, Hippoporina odontostoma, Smittina canavarii, Smittina marionensis, Smittoidea reticulata (177489) Schizomavella auriculata, Emballotheca longidens, Schizomavella linearis, Hippoporina canui, Smittina cervicornis (177490) Schizomavella linearis, Smittina canavarii, Smittina cervicornis, Smittoidea reticulata (177491)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58New Zealand Hippoporina lancifera, Schizomavella cinctipora, Hippoporina waipukurensis (173737) Hippoporina lancifera, Smittina trispinosa, Schizomavella cinctipora, Hippoporina waipukurensis, Smittinella zealandiae (173740) Hippoporina lancifera, Smittina trispinosa, Schizomavella cinctipora, Smittina flexuosa, Smittinella zealandiae (173739) Schizomavella cinctipora (173741) Smittina trispinosa (173738)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Antarctica Smittina gibbera (41576) Smittina sp. (41578)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (California) Smittina sp. (237381)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Jamaica Smittina ophidiana (58522)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas del Toro) Hippoporina aculeata, Parasmittina areolata (91901) Hippoporina sp. (79998) Parasmittina crosslandi (61339)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Panama (Bocas) Hippoporina n. sp. 1, Parasmittina areolata, Parasmittina parsevaliformis (79983) Parasmittina sp. (79989) Smittoidea maleposita (79772)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Australia (Victoria) Emballotheca granulata (174153)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greece Smittina canavarii, Smittoidea reticulata, Porella cervicornis (71243)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Italy Phylactella mediterranea, Schizomavella cornuta, Schizomavella sp. A, Schizomavella rudis, Schizomavella teresae, Calyptotheca sp. (146291) Schizomavella cornuta, Schizomavella rudis, Calyptotheca sp. (146292) Schizomavella cornuta, Schizomavella sp. A, Schizomavella rudis (146293) Watersipora sp. (176385)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774USA (North Carolina) Hippoporina pertusa (60986 60987 60988 60989)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Costa Rica (Limon) Hippoporina aculeata, Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina n. sp. 7 (79835) Hippoporina aculeata, Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina n. sp. 3 (79845) Parasmittina parsevaliformis, Parasmittina n. sp. 1 (79842) Smittoidea pacifica (79844)
Castlecliffian1.63 - 0.34New Zealand Schizomavella cinctipora, Smittina acaroensis (173733) Smittina flexuosa, Smittina unispinosa, Smittinella zealandiae (173734)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Smittina discoidea (202634)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Greenland Smittina majuscula (75197) Smittoidea sp. (75200)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Hippoporina porosa (57702 57703)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Parasmittina trispinosa (60927 60928)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (New York) Parasmittina trispinosa (81751)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Florida) Hippoporina sp., Parasmittina spathulata (97607) Hippoporina sp., Parasmittina spathulata, Parasmittina sp., Smittina signata, Smittina smittiella (97610) Parasmittina sp., Smittina smittiella (97606) Parasmittina spathulata (97608)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Barbados Parasmittina ophidiana (148714)