PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Toxorhynchina

Insecta - Coleoptera - Brentidae

Taxonomy

Toxorhynchina was named by Scudder (1893). Its type is Toxorhynchus.

It was assigned to Toxorhynchini by Legalov (2015); and to Apionini by Bukejs and Legalov (2020).

Subtaxa

Apionion, Betulapion, Protapion, Toxorhynchus (syn. Coelocephalapion) (type genus)

Synonyms

Trichapiina was named by Alonso-Zarazaga (1990). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Toxorhynchina by Legalov (2013); it was synonymized subjectively with Toxorhynchina by Legalov (2015).

It was assigned to Oxystomatini by Alonso-Zarazaga (1990), Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal (1999); and to Apionini by Bouchard et al. (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1893	Toxorhynchina Scudder
1990	Trichapiina Alonso-Zarazaga p. 116
1999	Trichapiina Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal p. 59
2011	Trichapiina Bouchard et al.
2015	Toxorhynchina Legalov p. 1481
2020	Toxorhynchina Bukejs and Legalov p. 170

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Ecdysozoa	Aguinaldo et al. 1997
—	Panarthropoda
phylum	Arthropoda	Gravenhorst 1843
—	Deuteropoda
—	Mandibulata
—	Pancrustacea	Zrzavý and Štys 1997
—	Altocrustacea	Regier et al. 2010
superclass	Allotriocarida
—	Athalassocarida
—	Labiocarida	Schwentner et al. 2017
superclass	Hexapoda	Latreille 1825
—	Cercofilata
class	Insecta
—	Dicondylia
—	Paranotalia
subclass	Pterygota	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Neopterygota	Crampton 1924
infraclass	Neoptera	Martynov 1923
—	Holometabola
—	Aparaglossata
—	Neuropteriformia
—	Coleopterida
order	Coleoptera
—	Mesocoleoptera
—	Metacoleoptera
suborder	Polyphaga	Emery 1886
infraorder	Cucujiformia	Lameere 1938
—	Phytophaga
superfamily	Curculionoidea
family	Brentidae	()
subfamily	Apioninae	(Schoenherr 1823)
—	Apionitae	Schonherr 1823
tribe	Apionini	Schonherr 1823
subtribe	Toxorhynchina
subtribe	Toxorhynchina

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subtr. †Toxorhynchina Scudder 1893

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G. Apionion Kissinger 1998

†Apionion evestigatum Scudder 1893

†Apionion formoculus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Apionion homochronon Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Apionion kallimosum Poinar and Legalov 2015

G. Toxorhynchus Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus amphioculus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus arctus Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus atriantenus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus atriartus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus confectum Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus convexoculus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus convexus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus corruptus Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus dominicanus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus europeoeocenicus Bukejs and Legalov 2020

†Toxorhynchus florissantensis Wickham 1916

†Toxorhynchus fuscocorpus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus grandis Wickham 1911

†Toxorhynchus hispaniolicus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus hispidulus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus leptorhinus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus michalskii Legalov 2021

†Toxorhynchus microsomus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus minusculus Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus oculatus Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus pumilum Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus refrenatum Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus reventus Scudder 1893

†Toxorhynchus robustus Poinar and Legalov 2015

†Toxorhynchus scudderianum Wickham 1916

†Toxorhynchus stenelytrus Poinar and Legalov 2015

Invalid names: Coelocephalapion Wagner 1912 [synonym]

Invalid names: Trichapiina Alonso-Zarazaga 1990 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

chitinc

Environment:

terrestrialc

Locomotion:

actively mobilep

Created:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Modified:

2017-04-17 09:56:18

Source: c = class, p = phylum

References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bridgerian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 51.10000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 45.9 Ma

Collections (15 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bridgerian	51.1 - 45.9	USA (Colorado)	Apion evestigatum (114681)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Anthonomus arctus (122093)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Ukraine	Toxorhynchus europeoeocenicus (207959)
Priabonian	37.71 - 33.9	Russian Federation (Kaliningrad)	Toxorhynchus michalskii (134456)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Colorado)	Apion confectum, Apion refrenatum (106379) Apion pumilum (34966) Apion refrenatum (106381) Toxorhynchus grandis (144404) Toxorhynchus minusculus (106383) Toxorhynchus minusculus, Anthonomus corruptus, Apion florissantensis, Apion scudderianum (113749) Toxorhynchus minusculus, Apion confectum (106382) Toxorhynchus minusculus, Apion confectum, Apion refrenatum, Toxorhynchus oculatus, Apion pumilum, Anthonomus arctus, Anthonomus corruptus, Anthonomus reventus (106384)
Burdigalian - Langhian	20.45 - 13.82	Dominican Republic	Toxorhynchus atriantenus (122982) Toxorhynchus leptorhinus, Toxorhynchus robustus, Toxorhynchus amphioculus, Toxorhynchus atriartus, Toxorhynchus hispaniolicus, Toxorhynchus microsomus, Toxorhynchus stenelytrus, Toxorhynchus dominicanus, Toxorhynchus convexus, Toxorhynchus fuscocorpus, Toxorhynchus hispidulus, Toxorhynchus convexoculus, Apionion homochronon, Apionion kallimosum, Apionion formoculus (122472)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Russian Federation	Betulapion simile (173216)