PBDB Taxon

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Homunculus patagonicus

Osteichthyes - Primates - Homunculidae

Taxonomy

Homunculus patagonicus was named by Ameghino (1891) [MACN-A 57 was designated as a neotype by Tejedor and Rosenberg (2008)]. Its type specimen is MACN-A 5757, a mandible, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Puesto Estancia La Costa, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial claystone/sandstone in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina. It is the type species of Homunculus.

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

H. vizcaino

Synonyms

Killikaike blakei was named by Tejedor et al. (2006). Its type specimen is MPM-PV 5000, a partial skull (face of an adult individual), and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Killik Aike Norte, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial tuff in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

It was recombined as Homunculus blakei by Kay et al. (2012); it was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus patagonicus by Kay et al. (2008), Perry et al. (2014).
Anthropops perfectus was named by Ameghino (1891). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Santa Cruz Formation, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

It was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus patagonicus by Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008), Kay et al. (2012), Perry et al. (2014).
Pitheculus australis was named by Ameghino (1894). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cerro Observatorio, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina. It is the type species of Pitheculus.

It was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus patagonicus by Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008).
Stilotherium grande was named by Ameghino (1894). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cerro Observatorio, which is in a Santacrucian terrestrial horizon in the Santa Cruz Formation of Argentina.

It was recombined as Homunculus grandis by Hershkovitz (1981); it was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus patagonicus by Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008), Kay et al. (2012), Perry et al. (2014).
Ecphantodon ceboides was named by Mercerat (1891).

It was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus patagonicus by Ameghino (1894), Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008), Perry et al. (2014).
Homunculus ameghinoi was named by Bluntschli (1931).

It was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus patagonicus by Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1891	Anthropops perfectus Ameghino
1891	Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino p. 4
1891	Ecphantodon ceboides Mercerat
1894	Anthropops perfectus Ameghino p. 10
1894	Pitheculus australis Ameghino p. 10
1894	Stilotherium grande Ameghino p. 102
1931	Homunculus ameghinoi Bluntschli
1981	Homunculus grandis Hershkovitz
2006	Killikaike blakei Tejedor et al. p. 5437
2008	Homunculus patagonicus Tejedor and Rosenberger p. 74 fig. 4
2012	Homunculus blakei Kay et al.
2012	Homunculus patagonicus Kay et al.
2014	Homunculus patagonicus Perry et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
—	Euarchonta
order	Primates
infraorder	Haplorhini	(Pocock 1918)
—	Anthropoidea	(Mivart 1864)
infraorder	Platyrrhini	Geoffroy 1812
family	Homunculidae
genus	Homunculus
species	patagonicus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino 1891

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Invalid names: Anthropops perfectus Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Ecphantodon ceboides Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Homunculus ameghinoi Bluntschli 1931 [synonym], Killikaike blakei Tejedor et al. 2006 [synonym], Pitheculus australis Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Stilotherium grande Ameghino 1894 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Maximum body mass:

2.7 kgs

Minimum body mass:

2.7 kgs

Body mass estimate:

2.7 kg

Body mass source:

publisheds

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

arborealo

Diet:

omnivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2013-04-14 01:35:57

Modified:

2013-04-13 10:35:57

Source: s = species, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: Santacrucian or 17.50000 to 16.30000 Ma

Collections (11 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Santacrucian	17.5 - 16.3	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Ecphantodon ceboides (176593) Homunculus patagonicus (type locality: 142533 176563 176576 176581 176590 176602 176603) Homunculus patagonicus, Anthropops perfectus (27313) Homunculus patagonicus, Pitheculus australis, Stilotherium grande (176570) Killikaike blakei, Homunculus patagonicus (87314)