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Ginglymostoma
Taxonomy
Ginglymostoma was named by Müller and Henle (1838) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi R Sepkoski's reference number: 884]. It is extant.
It was corrected as Gynglymostoma by Ebersole et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Scyllidae by Woodward (1889); to Ginglymostominae by Hay (1902); to Ginglystomidae by Jordan (1963); to Orectolobidae by White (1926), Leriche (1942), Casier (1946), Casier (1958), Tabaste (1963), Cappetta and Case (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Orectolobiformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ginglymostomatidae by Case (1991), Noubhani and Cappetta (1997), Purdy et al. (2001), Tabuce et al. (2005), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Carillo-Briceño et al. (2014), Hoganson et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Maisch IV et al. (2025).
It was corrected as Gynglymostoma by Ebersole et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Scyllidae by Woodward (1889); to Ginglymostominae by Hay (1902); to Ginglystomidae by Jordan (1963); to Orectolobidae by White (1926), Leriche (1942), Casier (1946), Casier (1958), Tabaste (1963), Cappetta and Case (1975), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Orectolobiformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ginglymostomatidae by Case (1991), Noubhani and Cappetta (1997), Purdy et al. (2001), Tabuce et al. (2005), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Carillo-Briceño et al. (2014), Hoganson et al. (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019), Maisch IV et al. (2025).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Entered
by J. Sepkoski on 2003-01-23; modified by M. Uhen on 2025-12-05
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1838 | Ginglymostoma Müller and Henle |
| 1877 | Acrodobatis Leidy |
| 1889 | Ginglymostoma Woodward p. 348 |
| 1902 | Ginglymostoma Hay p. 310 |
| 1926 | Ginglymostoma White p. 11 |
| 1942 | Ginglymostoma Leriche p. 27 |
| 1946 | Ginglymostoma Casier p. 60 |
| 1958 | Ginglymostoma Casier p. 15 |
| 1963 | Acrodobatis Jordan p. 598 |
| 1963 | Ginglymostoma Jordan p. 598 |
| 1963 | Gynglymostoma Tabaste p. 470 |
| 1975 | Ginglymostoma Cappetta and Case p. 12 |
| 1981 | Acrodobatis Thurmond and Jones p. 44 |
| 1981 | Ginglymostoma Thurmond and Jones p. 44 |
| 1988 | Ginglymostoma Case and Schwimmer p. 294 |
| 1991 | Ginglymostoma Case p. 2 |
| 1997 | Ginglymostoma Noubhani and Cappetta p. 29 |
| 2001 | Ginglymostoma Purdy et al. p. 100 |
| 2002 | Ginglymostoma Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Ginglymostoma Tabuce et al. p. 385 |
| 2007 | Ginglymostoma Cahuzac et al. p. 15 |
| 2014 | Ginglymostoma Carillo-Briceño et al. p. 82 |
| 2019 | Gynglymostoma Ebersole et al. p. 20 |
| 2019 | Ginglymostoma Hoganson et al. p. 21 |
| 2025 | Ginglymostoma Maisch IV et al. p. 12 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Ginglymostoma Müller and Henle 1838
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†Ginglymostoma angolense Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Ginglymostoma botmaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma chenanei Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
Ginglymostoma cirratum Gmelin 1789 [nurse shark]
†Ginglymostoma cuspidata Case et al. 2001
†Ginglymostoma erramii Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma khouribgaense Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma lithuanica Dalinkevičius 1935
†Ginglymostoma magrebianum Casier 1947
†Ginglymostoma malembeense Dartevelle and Casier 1943
†Ginglymostoma maroccanum Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma pectinatum Noubhani and Cappetta 1997
†Ginglymostoma sokotoense White 1934
†Ginglymostoma subafricanum Arambourg 1952
Invalid names: Acrodobatis Leidy 1877 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Wagner 2023, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Albian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 106.30000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 100.5 Ma
Collections (110 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Albian | Lithuania | G. lithuanica (213709 213710) | |
| Late/Upper Cenomanian | Lithuania | G. lithuanica (213720) | |
| Early/Lower Coniacian | USA (Texas) | G. sp. (241388) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Israel | G. sp. (35444) | |
| Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | Mexico (Chihuahua) | G. sp. (35353) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Morocco | G. botmaense (214829) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Egypt | G. sp. (275565 275566) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (North Dakota) | G. sp. (213580) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Morocco (Beni Mellal) | G. botmaense, G. pectinatum (214842) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | G. cuspidata (61807) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | Morocco | G. botmaense (214830 214831) G. botmaense, G. erramii, G. pectinatum (214835) G. botmaense, G. pectinatum (214368 214374 214375 214838) G. pectinatum (214828) G. sp. (213665) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | G. sp. (61738) | |
| Maastrichtian | Niger (Tahoua) | G. sp. (178660) | |
| Maastrichtian | Congo-Kinshasa | G. sp. (242376) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (Maryland) | G. sp. (83331) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian | Morocco | G. subafricanum, G. botmaense (214373) | |
| Danian | Morocco | G. khouribgaense (116900 214832) G. subafricanum (91362 210053 214369 214370) G. subafricanum, G. khouribgaense (214372 214834) | |
| Danian | Belgium | G. subafricanum (242087) | |
| Danian | USA (Arkansas) | G. subafricanum (206776) | |
| Danian | Sweden | G. sp. (90575) | |
| Paleocene | Saudi Arabia (Makkah) | G. maghrebianum, G. sokotoense (140969) G. sokotoense (140968) | |
| Selandian | Morocco | G. chenanei, G. khouribgaense (133217) | |
| Selandian - Thanetian | Morocco | G. chenanei, G. khouribgaense (214848) G. khouribgaense (214839) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene | USA (Mississippi) | G. subafricanum (62872) | |
| Thanetian | India (Himachal Pradesh) | G. sp. (194122) | |
| Thanetian | Togo | G. sp. (61561) G. thielense (167948) | |
| Thanetian | Morocco | G. khouribgaense (214833) | |
| Thanetian | Niger | G. sokotoense (229530) | |
| Thanetian | Algeria | G. sp., G. kouribgaense (232262) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | India | G. sp. (91316) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | Saudi Arabia | G. sp. (37182) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | South Atlantic | G. sp. (210208) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | USA (Mississippi) | G. subafricanum (62890) | |
| MP 10 | France (Picardie) | G. angolense (68440) | |
| Ypresian | Senegal | G. sp., G. angolense (209379) | |
| Ypresian | India (Rajasthan) | G. sp. (277682) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Virginia) | G. serra, G. subafricanum (15595) | |
| Ypresian | Tunisia | G. magrebianum (242332) | |
| Ypresian | Morocco | G. angolense (214846 214847 214851) G. angolense, G. maroccanum (158991) G. maroccanum (214840) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | G. maroccanum (209524) | |
| Eocene | Nigeria (Imo) | G. sp. (42655) | |
| Lutetian | Morocco | G. angolense (91339) | |
| Lutetian | Nigeria | G. serra (187560) G. serra, G. obliquum (77257) | |
| Lutetian | Barbados | G. angolense (221167) G. tielensi (221165) | |
| Lutetian | USA (New Jersey) | G. obliquum (16411) | |
| Lutetian | Angola (Cabinda) | G. serra (242382) G. serra, G. angolense (83988 242405) | |
| Lutetian | Angola | G. serra (242407) | |
| Lutetian | Togo | G. angolense (32991) | |
| Middle Eocene | Ukraine (Crimea) | G. sp. (140018) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | G. serra (16848) G. sp. (81266) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Louisiana) | G. serra (3534) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Georgia) | G. obliquum (73434) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | G. serra (32925 55251 75638) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Georgia) | G. serra (45640) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Arkansas) | G. serra (16549) | |
| Chattian | Angola (Cabinda) | G. malembeense (56682 72300 83992) | |
| Chattian | USA (South Carolina) | Nebrius serra (97550) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Brazil (Para) | G. serra (65162 112590) | |
| Aquitanian - Langhian | USA (North Carolina) | G. sp. (48887) | |
| Miocene | USA (South Carolina) | G. serra (18506) | |
| Burdigalian | France (Gironde ) | G. deltortriei (161755) | |
| Langhian | France | G. sp. (90354) | |
| Langhian | France (Touraine) | G. sp. (161611) | |
| Langhian | France (Loupian) | G. sp. (161623) | |
| Middle Miocene | Germany (Lower Saxony) | G. sp. (161965) | |
| Serravallian | France (Gironde) | G. sp. (161533) | |
| Serravallian - Tortonian | Ecuador | G. sp. (204346) | |
| Early/Lower Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | G. sp. (161377 162456) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Peru (Piura) | G. cirratum (162465) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (Florida) | G. cirratum (276265) | |
| Pliocene - Gelasian | USA (Florida) | G. sp. (242028) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | G. sp. (154118) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Florida) | G. cirratum (20402) G. serra, G. cirratum (20400) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | G. cirratum (20604) |