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Biceratopsidae
Taxonomy
Biceratopsidae was named by Lieberman (1998) [Lieberman (1998) says he raises Biceratopsinae from subfamily to Biceratopsidae, and also includes within it a subfamily Biceratopsinae. Biceratopsinae was originally created as a subfamily, so I'm giving the family to Lieberman (1998)].
It was assigned to Olenelloidea by Lieberman (1998), Lieberman (1999) and Webster (2007).
It was assigned to Olenelloidea by Lieberman (1998), Lieberman (1999) and Webster (2007).
Synonymy list
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. †Biceratopsidae Lieberman 1998
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G. †Bolbolenellus Palmer and Repina 1993
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†Bolbolenellus altifrontatus Fritz 1972
†Bolbolenellus brevispinus Palmer 1998
†Bolbolenellus euryparia Palmer and Halley 1979
†Bolbolenellus groenlandicus Poulsen 1927
†Bolbolenellus hermani Kindle and Tasch 1948
†Bolbolenellus sphaerulosus Fritz 1991
Subfm. †Bristoliinae Palmer and Repina 1993
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G. †Bristolia Harrington 1956
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†Bristolia anteros Palmer and Halley 1979
†Bristolia bristolensis Resser 1928
†Bristolia colberti Gapp and Lieberman 2014
†Bristolia fragilis Palmer and Halley 1979
†Bristolia harringtoni Lieberman 1999
†Bristolia insolens Resser 1928
†Bristolia mohavensis Hazzard and Crickmay 1933
G. †Lochmanolenellus Lieberman 1998
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†Lochmanolenellus mexicana Lochman 1952
†Wanneria mexicana prima Lochman 1952
G. †Nephrolenellus Palmer and Repina 1993
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†Nephrolenellus geniculatus Palmer 1998
†Nephrolenellus multinodus Palmer and Halley 1979
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Invalid names: Nephrolenellus jasperensis Lieberman 1999 [synonym]
G. †Paranephrolenellus Webster 2007
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†Paranephrolenellus besti Webster 2007
†Paranephrolenellus inflatus Webster 2007
†Paranephrolenellus klondikensis Webster 2007
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| P. D. Pack and H. B. Gayle 1971 | Exoskeleton subovate. Glabella subcylindrical, contracted at middle with axial furrows indistinct and lateral furrows absent or indistinct. Well defined border. Genal spines absent; genal angles rounded Thorax consists of 15 prothoracic segments 10 or more opisthothoracic segments. The third prothoracic segment is very strongly macropleural. | |
| A. R. Palmer and L. N. Repina 1993 | Olenellidae with glabella narrowest at midlength; glabellar furrows very poorly developed; trans- verse width of LI less than transverse width of occipital ring. Ocular lobes close to glabella; posterior tips opposite or anterior to Li. Genalspines absent or opposite midlength of ocular lobes. Intergenal spines absent; intergenal angle may be developed. Thorax divided into prothorax and opistbothorax; third segment strongly expanded distally and pleural spine extremely long, tips posterior to body; 15th segment with long axial spine. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Collections (78 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Cambrian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | Olenellus altifrontatus (156198) | |
| Cambrian | Canada (Northern Territories) | Bolbolenellus sp., Bristolia colberti (228650) | |
| Atdabanian - Toyonian | Argentina | Fremontella inopinata (73361) | |
| Montezuman | Mexico | Wanneria mexicana (10682) | |
| Lenian | USA (Nevada) | Nephrolenellus geniculatus (9822) Nephrolenellus geniculatus, Bolbolenellus brevispinus (9821) | |
| Lenian | Argentina | Fremontella inopinata (51754) | |
| Dyeran | USA (California) | Bolbolenellus euryparia (10622 10623) Bristolia anteros (149629 149699 226626) Bristolia anteros, Bristolia fragilis (10613 151378 230439) Bristolia brachyomma (10630) Bristolia bristolensis (10609 149628 149648 149693 149694 149698) Bristolia bristolensis, Bristolia anteros, Bristolia fragilis (149610) Bristolia bristolensis, Bristolia insolens (10610) Bristolia bristolensis, Olenellus euryparia (149647) Bristolia fragilis (149649) Bristolia mohavensis (10607) Bristolia n. sp. 2, Bristolia n. sp. 3 (10618) Bristolia sp. (226265 226271 230298) Bristolia sp.1, Bristolia bristolensis (10608) Bristolia sp.2 (10612 10615 10616) Bristolia sp.2, Bristolia anteros (10611) Bristolia sp.2, Bristolia sp.3, Bristolia sp.4, Bristolia sp.5 (10619) Bristolia sp.3 (10621) Mesonacis bristolensis, Paedeumias mohavensis (219694) Mesonacis insolens (219698) Mesonacis insolens, Bristolia bristolensis, Paedeumias mohavensis, Bristolia anteros, Bristolia harringtoni (219695) Nephrolenellus multinodus (10631) Nephrolenellus multinodus, Bolbolenellus brevispinus (10632) Olenellus bristolensis, Olenellus insolens, Paedeumias mohavensis (192036) Olenellus euryparia (149650) Olenellus multinodus (149611 149614 149638 149651 149696 151380) Paedeumias mohavensis (219697 219699) | |
| Dyeran | USA (Nevada) | Bolbolenellus brevispinus (10590 69204) Bristolia anteros (149558) Bristolia anteros, Bristolia fragilis (149555 149556) Bristolia bristolensis (149576) Bristolia fragilis (149551) Nephrolenellus geniculatus (156353 156373 156374 156376) Nephrolenellus geniculatus, Bolbolenellus brevispinus (9820 10560 10569 156372 156377 234284 234285 234286) Nephrolenellus multinodus (234283) Olenellus multinodus (149560) | |
| Dyeran | Canada (Yukon Territory) | Olenellus sphaerulosus (156230 156233) | |
| Dyeran | Canada (Newfoundland) | Bristolia mohavensis (195924) | |
| Dyeran | Mexico (Sonora) | Bristolia bristolensis (90559) |