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Thelyphonida (whip scorpion)

Arachnida - Thelyphonida

Taxonomy
Thelyphonida was named by Latreille (1804). It is extant.

It was assigned to Arachnida by Brauckmann et al. (2003), Selden et al. (2014); and to Pedipalpi by Garwood and Dunlop (2014), Clouse et al. (2017).

Sister taxa
Schizomida, Uropygi

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1804Thelyphonida Latreille
2003Thelyphonida Brauckmann et al. p. 52
2014Thelyphonida Garwood and Dunlop p. 23
2014Thelyphonida Selden et al.
2017Thelyphonida Clouse et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Protostomia
EcdysozoaAguinaldo et al. 1997
Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaGravenhorst 1843
Deuteropoda
subphylumChelicerataHeymons 1901
EuchelicerataWeygoldt and Paulus 1979
Prosomapoda
RankNameAuthor
Planaterga
Dekatriata
SclerophorataKamenz et al. 2011
classArachnidaLamarck 1801
Pantetrapulmonata
subclassTetrapulmonataSchultz 1990
Schizotarsata
PedipalpiBorner 1904
orderThelyphonidaLatreille 1804
orderThelyphonidaLatreille 1804

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Thelyphonida Latreille 1804 [whip scorpion]
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G. †Geralinura Scudder 1884
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Geralinura britannica Pocock 1911
Geralinura carbonaria Scudder 1884
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Invalid names: Geralinura gigantea Petrunkevitch 1913 [synonym], Geralinura similis Petrunkevitch 1913 [synonym]
G. †Parageralinura Tetlie and Dunlop 2008
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Parageralinura marsiglioi Selden et al. 2016
Parageralinura naufraga Brauckmann and Koch 1983
Parageralinura neerlandica Laurentiaux-Viera and Laurentiaux 1961
G. †Proschizomus Dunlop and Horrocks 1996
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Proschizomus petrunkevitchi Dunlop and Horrocks 1996
G. †Prothelyphonus Fritsch 1904
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Prothelyphonus bohemicus Kušta 1886
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Invalid names: Geralinura crassa Kušta 1889 [synonym], Geralinura noctua Kušta 1889 [synonym], Geralinura scudderi Kušta 1889 [synonym], Prothelyphonus cordai Fritsch 1904 [synonym]
Or. Schizomida Petrunkevitch 1945 [short-tailed whip-scorpion]
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Superfm. Hubbardioidea Cook 1899
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Fm. †Calcitronidae Petrunkevitch 1945
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G. †Calcitro Petrunkevitch 1945
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Calcitro fisheri Petrunkevitch 1945
Calcitro oplonis Lin 1988
Fm. Hubbardiidae Cook 1899
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G. †Annazomus De Francesco Magnussen and Müller 2022
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Annazomus parvulus De Francesco Magnussen 2022
G. †Calcoschizomus Pierce 1951
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G. †Cretaceozomus De Francesco Magnussen and Müller 2022
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Cretaceozomus angustocaudatus De Francesco Magnussen 2022
Cretaceozomus robustus De Francesco Magnussen 2022
G. †Groehnizomus De Francesco Magnussen and Müller 2022
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Groehnizomus oculiferans De Francesco Magnussen and Müller 2022
Groehnizomus rodrigoi Müller 2022
Subfm. Hubbardiinae Cook 1899
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G. Antillostenochrus Armas and Teruel 2002
G. Rowlandius Reddell and Cockendolpher 1995
G. Mayazomus Reddell and Cokendolpher 1995
G. †Mesozomus Müller et al. 2019
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Mesozomus groehni Müller et al. 2019
G. †Muellerizomus De Francesco Magnussen and Müller 2022
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Muellerizomus amandae De Francesco Magnussen and Müller 2022
Muellerizomus palicaudatus De Francesco Magnussen 2022
G. Stenochrus Chamberlin 1922
Fm. Protoschizomidae Rowland 1975
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G. †Onychothelyphonus Pierce 1950
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Superfm. Thelyphonoidea Lucas 1835
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G. †Parilisthelyphonus Knecht et al. 2023
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Parilisthelyphonus bryantae Knecht et al. 2023
Fm. Thelyphonidae Lucas 1835
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G. †Burmathelyphonia Wunderlich 2015
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Burmathelyphonia prima Wunderlich 2015
G. †Crethypoctonus Zhou et al. 2023
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Crethypoctonus kachinus Zhou et al. 2023
G. †Mesoproctus Dunlop 1998
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Mesoproctus rayoli Santana et al. 2024
Mesoproctus rowlandi Dunlop 1998
Subfm. Thelyphoninae Lucas 1835
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G. †Mesothelyphonus Cai and Huang 2017
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Mesothelyphonus parvus Cai and Huang 2017
Mesothelyphonus xiaoae Wu et al. 2025
G. Thelyphonus Latreille 1802
Invalid names: Uropygi Thorell 1882 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: chitinc
Grouping: solitaryc
Environment: terrestrialc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 09:55:58
Modified: 2017-04-17 09:55:58
Source: c = class
Reference: Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Marsdenian to the top of the Pliocene or 321.30000 to 2.58000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 320.0 Ma

Collections (27 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Marsdenian321.3 - 320.0Germany (Ruhr) Prothelyphonus naufragus (110939)
Westphalian A318.7 - 316.9United Kingdom (Lancashire) Geralinura britannica (172765)
Westphalian A318.7 - 316.9Netherlands (Limburg) Parageralinura neerlandica (217351)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (Staffordshire) Geralinura britannica (34906) Geralinura britannica, Proschizomus petrunkevitchi (34907)
Westphalian B316.9 - 314.6United Kingdom (England) Geralinura britannica (127218)
Moscovian315.2 - 307.0Czechia (Central Bohemian) Geralinura scudderi, Geralinura noctua, Geralinura crassa, Thelyphonus bohemicus (126152)
Westphalian C314.6 - 309.8USA (Massachusetts) Parilisthelyphonus bryantae (276563)
Westphalian C314.6 - 309.8Czechia Prothelyphonus cordai (146851)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.4USA (Illinois) Geralinura carbonaria, Geralinura similis, Geralinura gigantea (21981) Geralinura gigantea (112630)
Westphalian D309.8 - 307.4China (Hebei) Prothelyphonus britannicus (147001)
Kasimovian307.0 - 303.7Ukraine (Voroshilovgrad) Thelyphonida indet. (123534)
Kasimovian - Gzhelian307.0 - 298.9Italy Parageralinura marsiglioi (176779)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Brazil (Ceará) Mesoproctus rowlandi (122557 127034 228235) Mesoproctus rowlandi, Mesoproctus sp. (122922)
Late/Upper Aptian119.57 - 113.2Brazil (Ceara) Mesoproctus rayoli (34901)
Early/Lower Cenomanian100.5 - 93.9Myanmar Mesothelyphonus parvus, Crethypoctonus kachinus (161726) Mesothelyphonus xiaoae (222192) Mesozomus groehni, Groehnizomus oculiferans, Muellerizomus amandae, Annazomus parvulus, Cretaceozomus angustocaudatus, Cretaceozomus robustus, Muellerizomus palicaudatus, Groehnizomus rodrigoi (172900) Thelyphonida indet., Schizomida indet., Burmathelyphonia prima (144466)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9China (Shandong) Calcitro oplonis (156319)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.45 - 13.82Dominican Republic Mayazomus pseudoannulatus (123422) Stenochrus velteni (122982)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58USA (Arizona) Schizomida indet., Calcitro fisheri, Onychothelyphonus bonneri, Calcoschizomus latisternum (152091)