PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cystophora (hooded seal)

Osteichthyes - Carnivora - Phocidae

Taxonomy

Cystophora was named by Nilsson (1820) [Sepkoski's age data: Q Plei R]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Cystophorina by Gray (1871); to Cystophoridae by Scott (1873); to Phocidae by Gray (1850), Hay (1902), Palmer (1904), Sherman (1952); to Monachinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Phocini by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Cystophorinae by Gill (1866), Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Turner (1912), Hay (1930), Friant (1947), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Koretsky (2001), Koretsky and Holec (2002), Koretsky and Rahmat (2013); to Cystophorini by Burns and Fay (1970), Kovacs and Lavigne (1986), Davis et al. (2004), Fulton and Strobeck (2010), Berta et al. (2018); and to Phocinae by Riedman (1990), Rice (1998), Berta (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Berta (2009), Berta (2018), Kienle and Berta (2019).

Species

C. cristata (syn. C. borealis)

Synonyms

Stemmatopus was named by Cuvier (1824). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cystophora by Gill (1866), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Kovacs and Lavigne (1986), McKenna and Bell (1997).
Cystophoca was named by Schufeldt (1890). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cystophora by McKenna and Bell (1997).
Stemmatopis was named by Gloger (1841). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cystophora by McKenna and Bell (1997).
Stemmatops was named by Van der Hoeven (1855). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Cystophora by McKenna and Bell (1997).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1820	Cystophora Nilsson p. 382
1824	Stemmatopus Cuvier
1841	Stemmatopis Gloger p. 163
1850	Cystophora Gray p. 36
1855	Stemmatops Van der Hoeven p. 992
1866	Cystophora Gill p. 6
1871	Cystophora Gray p. 4
1873	Cystophora Scott p. 30
1880	Cystophora Allen p. 723
1890	Cystophoca Schufeldt p. 222
1898	Cystophora Trouessart p. 378
1902	Cystophora Hay p. 785
1904	Cystophora Palmer p. 213
1904	Cystophora Trouessart p. 282
1912	Cystophora Turner p. 192
1930	Cystophora Hay p. 561
1947	Cystophora Friant p. 5
1952	Cystophora Sherman p. 90
1963	Cystophora Scheffer and Rice p. 4
1970	Cystophora Burns and Fay p. 390 figs. Fig. 3
1980	Cystophora Kurten and Anderson p. 207
1986	Cystophora Kovacs and Lavigne p. 1
1990	Cystophora Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2
1997	Cystophora McKenna and Bell p. 258
1998	Cystophora Rice
2001	Cystophora Koretsky p. 87
2002	Cystophora Berta p. 923
2002	Cystophora Koretsky and Holec p. 175
2002	Cystophora Sepkoski
2003	Cystophora Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2004	Cystophora Davis et al. p. 365
2009	Cystophora Berta p. 863
2010	Cystophora Fulton and Strobeck p. 817 figs. Figue 1
2013	Cystophora Koretsky and Rahmat p. 330
2018	Cystophora Berta p. 715 figs. Fig. 3C
2018	Cystophora Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 2
2019	Cystophora Kienle and Berta

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Pancarnivora
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
infraorder	Canoidea	(Simpson 1931)
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
—	Panpinnipedia	Wolsan et al. 2020
—	Pinnipedimorpha
—	Pinnipedia	()
family	Phocidae	()
subfamily	Phocinae
genus	Cystophora	Nilsson 1820

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Cystophora Nilsson 1820 [hooded seal]

show all | hide all

Cystophora cristata Erxleben 1779 [hooded seal]

hide

Invalid names: Cystophora borealis Nilsson 1820 [synonym]

Invalid names: Cystophoca Schufeldt 1890 [synonym], Stemmatopis Gloger 1841 [synonym], Stemmatops Van der Hoeven 1855 [synonym], Stemmatopus Cuvier 1824 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteuc

Ontogeny:

modification of partsuc

Environment:

marineuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

amphibiousuc

Diet:

piscivoref

Diet 2:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparousuc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-06-08 12:11:09

Source: f = family, c = class, uc = unranked clade

References: Gingerich 2003, Nowak 1991, Carreño and Cronin 1993, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: Holocene or 0.01170 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.0 Ma

Collections (7 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Greenland (Qeqertasussuk)	Cystophora cristata (187755)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	North Atlantic	Cystophora cristata (90093 90095 90096)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	Cystophora cristata (168683)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Norway	Cystophora cristata (168684)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Greenland	Cystophora cristata (162545)