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Plethodontidae (lungless salamander)
Taxonomy
Plethodontidae was named by Gray (1850). It is extant. Its type is Plethodus.
It was assigned to Salamandroidea by Kuhn (1946) and Estes (1964); to Urodela by Cope (1875) and Haubold (1971); to Plethodontoidea by Estes (1981) and Carroll (1988); to Caudata by Holman et al. (1990) and Frank and Ramus (1996); and to Urodela by Gao and Shubin (2001) and Skutschas and Gubin (2012).
It was assigned to Salamandroidea by Kuhn (1946) and Estes (1964); to Urodela by Cope (1875) and Haubold (1971); to Plethodontoidea by Estes (1981) and Carroll (1988); to Caudata by Holman et al. (1990) and Frank and Ramus (1996); and to Urodela by Gao and Shubin (2001) and Skutschas and Gubin (2012).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1850 | Plethodontidae Gray |
| 1875 | Plethodontidae Cope p. 12 |
| 1946 | Plethodontidae Kuhn p. 53 |
| 1964 | Plethodontidae Estes p. 81 |
| 1971 | Plethodontidae Haubold p. 24 |
| 1981 | Plethodontidae Estes |
| 1988 | Plethodontidae Carroll |
| 1990 | Plethodontidae Holman et al. p. 523 |
| 1996 | Plethodontidae Frank and Ramus |
| 2001 | Plethodontidae Gao and Shubin p. 576 |
| 2012 | Plethodontidae Skutschas and Gubin |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Plethodontidae Gray 1850 [lungless salamander]
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G. Batrachoseps Bonaparte 1839
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Batrachoseps attenuatus Escholtz 1833 [California slender salamander]
Batrachoseps relictus Brame and Murray 1968 [Relictual slender salamander]
Subfm. †Desmognathinae Gray 1850
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G. Desmognathus Baird 1850
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Desmognathus aeneus Brown and Bishop 1947 [Seepage salamander]
Desmognathus auriculatus Holbrook 1838 [Southern dusky salamander]
Desmognathus fuscus Rafinesque 1820 [Northern dusky salamander]
Desmognathus monticola Dunn 1916 [Seal salamander]
Desmognathus ochrophaeus Cope 1859
Desmognathus quadramaculatus Holbrook 1840 [Blackbelly salamander]
Desmognathus wrighti King 1936 [Pigmy salamander]
G. †Eurycea
G. Hemidactylium Tschudi
G. Manculus Cope 1869
G. Plethodon Tschudi 1838 [woodland salamander]
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Plethodon cinereus Green 1818 [Redback salamander]
Plethodon glutinosus Green 1818 [northern slimy salamander]
Subfm. Plethodontinae
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G. Spelerpes Rafinesque 1832
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Uhen 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Turonian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 93.50000 to 0.01200 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 89.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 89.3 Ma
Collections (21 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Turonian | USA (Nebraska) | Plethodontidae indet. (213402) | |
| Middle Turonian | USA (Kansas) | Plethodontidae indet. (213390) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Wyoming) | Plethodontidae indet. (14585) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Miocene | Dominican Republic | Palaeoplethodon hispaniolae (222600) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Oregon) | Plethodontidae indet. (212628) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan | USA (Tennessee) | Desmognathus sp., Plethodon sp. (26574) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan | USA (Indiana) | Plethodontidae indet. (18320) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Gyrinophilus sp., Desmognathus ochrophaeus, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Desmognathus fuscus, Desmognathus monticola (123875) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Plethodontinae indet. (20173 20177) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Maryland) | Plethodon gultinosus, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus (20302) | |
| Middle Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Plethodon glutinosus (75974) | |
| Rancholabrean (glacial) | USA (California) | Aneides lugubris (20624) | |
| Rancholabrean | Mexico (Puebla) | Plethodontidae indet. (230717) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Plethodon glutinosus (20650) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Desmognathus sp. (82258) Plethodontidae indet. (103991) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Georgia) | Desmognathus indet., Gyrinophilus indet., Plethodon glutinosus, Pseudotriton ruber (13066) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Alabama) | Desmognathus sp., Plethodon glutinosus, Desmognathus ochrophaeus, Eurycea sp. (84181) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Plethodon glutinosus (20638) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Aneides lugubris (219438) |