| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Toxolophosaurus
Taxonomy
Toxolophosaurus was named by Olson (1960). It is not extant. Its type is Toxolophosaurus cloudi.
It was assigned to Sphenodontidae by Throckmorton et al. (1981), Benton (1985), Carroll (1988), Reynoso (2000); to Rhynchocephalia by Rauhut et al. (2012); to Opisthodontia by Cau et al. (2014); and to Eilenodontinae by Apesteguía and Novas (2003), Apesteguia et al. (2012), Herrera-Flores et al. (2018).
It was assigned to Sphenodontidae by Throckmorton et al. (1981), Benton (1985), Carroll (1988), Reynoso (2000); to Rhynchocephalia by Rauhut et al. (2012); to Opisthodontia by Cau et al. (2014); and to Eilenodontinae by Apesteguía and Novas (2003), Apesteguia et al. (2012), Herrera-Flores et al. (2018).
Species
T. cloudi (type species)
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1960 | Toxolophosaurus Olson p. 551 |
| 1981 | Toxolophosaurus Throckmorton et al. |
| 1985 | Toxolophosaurus Benton p. 157 |
| 1988 | Toxolophosaurus Carroll |
| 2000 | Toxolophosaurus Reynoso |
| 2003 | Toxolophosaurus Apesteguía and Novas |
| 2012 | Toxolophosaurus Apesteguia et al. |
| 2012 | Toxolophosaurus Rauhut et al. |
| 2014 | Toxolophosaurus Cau et al. |
| 2018 | Toxolophosaurus Herrera-Flores et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| G. S. Throckmorton et al. 1981 | A sphenodontid in which the cheek teeth are wider than long, being expanded transversely by a bulbous swelling on their lingual side so that the apex of each crown lies on the labial half of the tooth; in crown view, each tooth is crescentic, concave anteriorly, with lateral and medial wings overlapping the margins of the next tooth forward. Implantation is acrodont and evidence of tooth replacement is lacking. The amount of tooth wear increases anteriorly; two distinct wear facets are formed on the slightly worn posterior teeth, but these wear facets merge on themore heavily worn anterior teeth. The lingual wear facet lies on the dorsal surface of the tooth indicating contact with a row of palatine teeth on the upper jaw; it slopes ventromedially in posterior teeth but becomes increasingly horizontal anteriorly. The labial wear facet, formed by wear against the maxillary dentition, slopes steeply ventrolaterally in posterior teeth and becomes increasingly vertical anteriorly. Teeth number approximately twenty and increase in size posteriorly. The dentary is very deep and is exposed below the angular on the postero-internal face of the jaw. The symphyseal region is edentulous (at least in the adult), very wide and spoutlike, with a prominent symphyseal shelf behind the occlusal border. The coronoid process of the dentary lies posterolateral to, rather than directly behind, the tooth row. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range: base of the Valanginian to the top of the Albian or 137.05000 to 100.50000 Ma
Collections (2 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Valanginian | USA (Utah) | T. sp. (27017) | |
| Aptian - Albian | USA (Montana) | T. cloudi (85072) |