PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Camptosaurus

Reptilia

Taxonomy

Camptosaurus was named by Marsh (1885). Its type is Camptonotus dispar. It is the type genus of Camptosauridae.

It was assigned to Ornithopoda by Gadow (1897); to Ornithopoda by Marsh (1894), Gadow (1898), Gadow (1901); to Camptosauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Kalodontidae by Nopcsa (1902); to Orthopoda by Joleaud (1922); to Camptosaurinae by Nopcsa (1928), Huene (1934), Huene (1934); to Iguanodontoidea by Norman (1984); to Iguanodontia by Norman (1989); to Iguanodontidae by Lydekker (1888), Lydekker (1889), Mansel-Pleydell (1902), Tornier (1913), Matthew (1915), Swinton (1936), Swinton (1936), Lapparent (1947), Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Swinton (1970), Galton (1974), Galton (1974), Galton (1977), Madsen and Miller (1979), McIntosh (1981), Bartholomai and Molnar (1981), Weishampel and Weishampel (1983), Milner and Norman (1984), Russell (1984), Carroll (1988), Miller et al. (1991); to Styracosterna by McDonald et al. (2010); to Iguanodontia by Wang et al. (2011); to Camptosauridae by Marsh (1885), Dollo (1889), Zittel (1890), Winkler (1893), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Van Den Broeck (1900), Hay (1902), Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911), Lull (1924), Gilmore (1925), Hay (1930), Thulborn (1974), Galton and Jensen (1979), Galton (1980), Norman and Weishampel (1990), Chure et al. (1994), Sereno (1997), Sereno (1998), Mateus and Antunes (2001), Chure et al. (2006), Pereda Suberbiola et al. (2006), Naish and Martill (2007), Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. (2007), Butler et al. (2008), Galton (2009), Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. (2010), Diedrich (2011); to Dryomorpha by Weishampel and Heinrich (1992), Herne et al. (2019); and to Ankylopollexia by Sereno (1986), Benton (1990), Godefroit et al. (1998), Buchholz (2002), Norman (2004), McDonald et al. (2010), Rich et al. (2010), McDonald (2012), Norman (2014), Madzia et al. (2018), Carpenter and Galton (2018), Dieudonné et al. (2020), Verdú et al. (2021).

Species

C. aphanoecetes, C. dispar (syn. C. browni, C. nanus, Brachyrophus altarkansanus, C. medius, Symphyrophus musculosus)

Synonyms

Uteodon was named by McDonald (2011).

It was synonymized subjectively with Camptosaurus by Carpenter and Galton (2018).

It was assigned to Styracosterna by McDonald (2011), McDonald (2012), Verdú et al. (2021).
Camptonotus was named by Marsh (1879). Its type is Camptonotus dispar.

It was replaced with Camptosaurus by Marsh (1885), Zittel (1890), Woodward and Sherborn (1890), Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Nopcsa (1901), Hay (1902), Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911), Hay (1930), Romer (1956), Tatarinov (1964), Romer (1966), Norman (2004), Carpenter and Galton (2018).

It was assigned to Laosauridae by Marsh (1879); to Ornithopoda by Quenstedt (1882); to Camptonotidae by Sauvage (1882), Marsh (1882), Marsh (1884); and to Iguanodontidae by Dollo (1882), Dollo (1884).
Symphyrophus was named by Cope (1878).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Osborn and Mook (1919); it was synonymized subjectively with Camptosaurus by Norman and Weishampel (1990), Norman (2004).

It was assigned to Megalosauridae by Zittel (1890); to Atlantosauridae by Nopcsa (1901); to Morosauridae by Hay (1902); to Theropoda by Osborn and Mook (1919); to Camarasauridae by Hay (1930); to Sauropoda by Tatarinov (1964); and to Sauropoda by Huene (1909), von Zittel (1911), Romer (1956), Romer (1966), Steel (1970).
Brachyrophus was named by Cope (1878).

It was synonymized subjectively with Camptosaurus by Norman and Weishampel (1990), Norman (2004).

It was assigned to Iguanodontoidea by Hay (1902); to Ornithischia by Huene (1909); to Stegosauridae by von Zittel (1911); and to Diplodocidae by Hay (1930).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1878	Symphyrophus Cope
1878	Brachyrophus Cope pp. 390-391
1879	Camptonotus Marsh pp. 501-503 figs. 1, Pl. 3
1882	Camptonotus Dollo
1882	Camptonotus Marsh
1882	Camptonotus Quenstedt p. 188
1882	Camptonotus Sauvage p. 35
1884	Camptonotus Dollo p. 298
1884	Camptonotus Marsh p. 68
1885	Camptosaurus Marsh p. 169
1888	Camptosaurus Lydekker pp. 47-50
1889	Camptosaurus Dollo p. 679
1889	Camptosaurus Lydekker pp. 46-48
1890	Symphyrophus Zittel p. 726
1890	Camptosaurus Zittel p. 755
1893	Camptosaurus Winkler p. 111
1894	Camptosaurus Marsh
1895	Camptosaurus Marsh
1896	Camptosaurus Marsh p. 243
1897	Camptosaurus Gadow p. 205
1898	Camptosaurus Gadow p. 22
1900	Camptosaurus Van Den Broeck p. 86
1901	Camptosaurus Gadow p. 426
1901	Symphyrophus Nopcsa p. 207
1901	Camptosaurus Nopcsa p. 210
1902	Symphyrophus Hay p. 484
1902	Camptosaurus Hay p. 501
1902	Brachyrophus Hay p. 506
1902	Camptosaurus Mansel-Pleydell p. lxxxiii
1902	Camptosaurus Nopcsa pp. 151-152
1909	Symphyrophus Huene p. 15
1909	Camptosaurus Huene p. 16
1909	Brachyrophus Huene p. 18
1911	Symphyrosaurus von Zittel p. 288
1911	Camptosaurus von Zittel p. 289
1911	Brachyrophus von Zittel p. 295
1913	Camptosaurus Tornier p. 371
1915	Camptosaurus Matthew p. 28
1919	Symphyrophus Osborn and Mook p. 390
1922	Camptosaurus Joleaud p. 62
1924	Camptosaurus Lull p. 238
1925	Camptosaurus Gilmore p. 400
1928	Camptosaurus Nopcsa p. 184
1930	Symphyrophus Hay p. 193
1930	Brachyrophus Hay p. 201
1930	Camptosaurus Hay p. 204
1934	Camptosaurus Huene p. 16
1936	Camptosaurus Swinton p. 215
1947	Camptosaurus Lapparent p. 32
1956	Symphyrophus Romer p. 624
1956	Camptosaurus Romer p. 629
1963	Camptosaurus Parsch p. 7
1964	Camptosaurus Kuhn p. 9
1964	Symphyrophus Tatarinov p. 552
1964	Camptosaurus Tatarinov p. 557
1966	Camptosaurus Romer p. 370
1966	Symphyrophus Romer p. 370
1967	Camptosaurus Charig p. 716
1970	Symphyrophus Steel p. 82
1970	Camptosaurus Swinton p. 214
1974	Camptosaurus Galton pp. 151-152
1974	Camptosaurus Thulborn p. 172
1977	Camptosaurus Galton p. 230
1979	Camptosaurus Galton and Jensen p. 3
1979	Camptosaurus Madsen and Miller p. 5
1980	Camptosaurus Galton pp. 89-90
1981	Camptosaurus Bartholomai and Molnar p. 343
1981	Camptosaurus McIntosh p. 30
1983	Camptosaurus Weishampel and Weishampel p. 44
1984	Camptosaurus Milner and Norman p. 146
1984	Camptosaurus Norman pp. 342-344 fig. 7
1984	Camptosaurus Russell p. 23
1986	Camptosaurus Sereno
1988	Camptosaurus Carroll
1989	Camptosaurus Norman p. 61 fig. 1
1990	Camptosaurus Benton p. 19
1990	Camptosaurus Norman and Weishampel pp. 529-530 fig. 25.36
1991	Camptosaurus Miller et al. p. 40
1992	Camptosaurus Weishampel and Heinrich p. 166
1994	Camptosaurus Chure et al. p. 304
1997	Camptosaurus Sereno p. 449
1998	Camptosaurus Godefroit et al. p. 50 fig. 38
1998	Camptosaurus Sereno p. 62
2001	Camptosaurus Mateus and Antunes pp. 11-12
2002	Camptosaurus Buchholz p. 19
2004	Camptosaurus Norman p. 415
2006	Camptosaurus Chure et al. p. 237
2006	Camptosaurus Pereda Suberbiola et al. p. 228
2007	Camptosaurus Naish and Martill p. 495
2007	Camptosaurus Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. p. 9
2008	Camptosaurus Butler et al. p. 8
2009	Camptosaurus Galton p. 215
2010	Camptosaurus McDonald et al. p. 33 fig. 39
2010	Camptosaurus McDonald et al. p. 808 fig. 10
2010	Camptosaurus Rich et al. p. 395
2010	Camptosaurus Ruiz-Omeñaca et al. p. 84
2011	Camptosaurus Diedrich p. 145
2011	Uteodon McDonald p. 56
2011	Camptosaurus Wang et al. p. 155 fig. 11
2012	Camptosaurus McDonald p. 2
2012	Uteodon McDonald p. 2
2014	Camptosaurus Norman p. 37 fig. 2.30
2018	Camptosaurus Carpenter and Galton p. 178
2018	Camptosaurus Madzia et al. p. 973 fig. 4
2019	Camptosaurus Herne et al. p. 574 fig. 25
2020	Camptosaurus Dieudonné et al.
2021	Camptosaurus Verdú et al. p. 10 fig. 9
2021	Uteodon Verdú et al. p. 10 fig. 9

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Eugnathostomata
—	Teleostomi	(Bonaparte 1836)
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Cerapoda
—	Ornithopoda	()
—	Clypeodonta
—	Iguanodontia	()
—	Dryomorpha
—	Ankylopollexia
genus	Camptosaurus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Camptosaurus Marsh 1885

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†Camptosaurus aphanoecetes Carpenter and Wilson 2008

†Camptosaurus dispar Marsh 1879

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Invalid names: Brachyrophus altarkansanus Cope 1878 [synonym], Camptosaurus browni Gilmore 1909 [synonym], Camptosaurus medius Marsh 1894 [synonym], Camptosaurus nanus Marsh 1894 [synonym], Symphyrophus musculosus Cope 1878 [synonym]

Invalid names: Brachyrophus Cope 1878 [synonym], Camptonotus Marsh 1879 [replaced], Symphyrophus Cope 1878 [synonym], Uteodon McDonald 2011 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
R. S. Lull 1924	Camptosaurus, varying from about ten to thirty feet long; with the characteristics of the subfamily; fourth and fifth fingers reduced, as in Plateosaurus; maxillary teeth large and irregular; well-developed pubis, with broad prepubis; femur curved; about 25 presacrals and 4 or 5 sacrals, not coössified, each sacral centrum having posterior notch into which process of succeeding one fits.
P. M. Galton 1980	Skull low and wide, large posterior process to premaxilla, small antorbital fenestra, small contribution of frontal to orbital margin, supraoccipital borders foramen magnum, premaxilla edentulous, 15 or 16 functional teeth in each maxilla and dentary and one replacement tooth per alveolus; teeth lozenge shaped with prominent vertical keel more strongly developed on maxillary teeth than on dentary teeth, several secondary vertical ridges on sculptured surface of crown with anterior and posterior ridges bordering the non-denticulate half of maxillary tooth crown, posterior ridge on equivalent part of dentary teeth. Nine cervicals, sixteen dorsals and six or seven sacral vertebrae, cervicals posterior to third all opisthocoelous, variable development of peg-and-notch articulation between sacral centra. Scapula longer than humerus that has a low deltopectoral crest. Deep ilium with long anterior process and narrow brevis shelf. Pubis with a deep evenly expanded anterior process and elongate posterior process that reaches end of ischium. Ischium with proximally placed obturator process and bar-shaped distal part with dorsoventrally expanded end. Femur curved, longer than tibia with pendant fourth trochanter extending on to distal half of shaft and distally a well-developed anterior intercondylar groove. Pes robust with four digits, first being rudimentary. The width is greater than the length in phalanges 3 and 4 of digit IV of pes.
A. T. McDonald 2011 (Uteodon)	Basal styracosternan distinguished by a single autapomorphy: occipital condyle projects farther ventrally than the basal tubera (Fig. 7). Also distinguished from all other iguanodontians except Cumnoria prestwichii by the following unique combination of characters: scapula with acromion process that is convex along its cranial margin (Fig. 3B), convex dorsal margin of scapula (Fig. 3C), convex dorsal margin of ilium, dorsal mar- gin of ilium thickens mediolaterally towards M. iliocaudalis platform, postacetabular process of ilium tapers to a point with break in slope along dorsal margin (Fig. 6A), distal end of ischium forms cranially expanded boot.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Maximum body mass:

1000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

300 kgg

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

herbivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-08-25 05:58:10

Modified:

2005-08-25 07:58:10

Source: g = genus, subo = suborder, o = order

References: Peczkis 1995, Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Early/Lower Kimmeridgian to the top of the Early/Lower Tithonian or 154.80000 to 145.06000 Ma

Collections (36 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Oxfordian - Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	157.9 - 152.21	USA (Wyoming)	C. sp. (126540)
Early/Lower Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 152.21	Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen)	C. sp. (182492)
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	USA (Wyoming)	C. sp. (46460 46468 58510)
Kimmeridgian	154.8 - 149.2	USA (Colorado)	Iguanodon sp. (56590)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	USA (Wyoming)	Camptonotus sp. (12816) C. nanus (22648) C. sp. (39344 55484 57894 227262 230774 231553) C. sp., Camptonotus dispar, C. medius, C. nanus, C. browni (39253)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	Spain (Valencia)	C. sp. (226362)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	USA (South Dakota)	Ornithopoda indet. (36268)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	USA (Utah)	C. sp. (47196 58516 220417)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	USA (Montana)	C. sp. (238777)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	154.8 - 143.1	USA (Colorado)	C. sp. (49622) Symphyrophus musculosus (48130)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian	152.21 - 145.06	USA (Colorado)	C. medius (28366) C. sp. (45975)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian	152.21 - 145.06	USA (Wyoming)	C. sp. (49577)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	152.21 - 143.1	USA (Wyoming)	C. sp. (22678)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Tithonian	152.21 - 143.1	USA (Oklahoma)	C. sp. (49596 49597) C. sp., Camarasaurus sp. (49338)
Early/Lower Tithonian	149.2 - 145.06	USA (Utah)	C. medius (21852)
Middle Tithonian	149.2 - 143.1	USA (Utah)	C. sp. (52110)
Tithonian	149.2 - 143.1	USA (Utah)	C. sp. (22711 46439 57913)
Tithonian	149.2 - 143.1	USA (Oklahoma)	C. sp. (49598)