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Struthionidae (ostrich)

Reptilia - Struthioniformes - Struthionidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Struthionidae Vigors
1933Struthionidae Lambrecht p. 98
1988Struthionidae Carroll
2002Struthionidae Mlikovsky p. 60
2007Struthionidae Livezey and Zusi p. 89
2008Struthionidae Mourer-Chauvire and Geraads p. 170
2008Struthionidae Mourer-Chauviré
2009Struthionidae Boev and Spassov
2014Struthionidae del Hoyo et al.
2016Struthionidae Koufos et al.
2017Struthionidae Clements et al.
2020Struthionidae Kampouridis et al. p. 3
2022Struthionidae Mayr p. 38 figs. Fig. 3.4

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
superorderPalaeognathaePycraft 1900
orderStruthioniformesLatham 1790
familyStruthionidaeVigors 1825
familyStruthionidaeVigors 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Struthionidae Vigors 1825 [ostrich]
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G. Struthio Linnaeus 1758 [ostrich]
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†Struthio anderssoni Lowe 1831
†Struthio asiaticus Milne-Edwards 1871 [Asian ostrich]
†Struthio barbarus Arambourg 1979
†Struthio bradydactylus Burchak-Abramovich 1939
Struthio camelus Linnaeus 1758 [common ostrich]
†Struthio chersonensis Brant 1873
+
Invalid names: Palaeostruthio sternatus Burčak-Abramovič 1953 [synonym], Struthio novorossicus Alexejev 1916 [synonym], Struthio orlovi Kurochkin and Lungu 1970 [synonym], Struthiolithus adzalycensis Roščin 1962 [synonym], Struthiolithus alexejevi Roščin 1962 [synonym]
†Struthio coppensi Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1996
†Struthio karatheodoris Forsyth Major 1888
†Struthio linxiaensis Hou et al. 2005
Struthio molybdophanes Reichenow 1883 [Somali ostrich]
†Struthio mongolicus Lowe 1931
†Struthio wimani Lowe 1931
Invalid names: Pachystruthio Kretzoi 1954 [synonym], Palaeostruthio Burčak-Abramovič 1953 [synonym], Struthiolithus Brant 1873 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 19:08:40
Modified: 2009-01-03 21:08:40
Source: o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Witmer and Rose 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Serravallian to the top of the Holocene or 13.82000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.63 Ma

Collections (108 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.04 - 2.58South Africa Struthio sp. (22220)
Middle Miocene15.98 - 11.63Namibia Struthionidae indet. (21855)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Ukraine (Cherson) Struthio asiaticus (60256)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Kenya (Central Nyanza) Struthio sp. (21340)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Struthio sp. (35279 35281)
Vallesian11.63 - 8.725Iraq Struthio sp. (41735)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Ukraine (Odessa) Struthio novorossicus (75794) Struthio sp. (75796 75797)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Moldova Struthio sp. (152254)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246Ukraine Struthio brachydactylus, Palaeostruthio sternatus (75800)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Greece (Euboea) Aves indet. (195435) Struthio karatheodoris (195432)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Algeria Struthio sp. (34643)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333South Africa (Namaqualand) Struthio oldawayi (51189)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Morocco Struthio sp. (210194)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Bulgaria (Blagoevgrad) Struthio karatheodoris (197445)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) Struthionidae indet. (28245)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Bulgaria (Blagoevgrard) Struthio karatheodoris (197446)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Greece (Aegean) Struthio caratheodoris (202120)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Algeria (Oran) Struthio sp. (136913)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Kenya Struthio indet. (22241) Struthio sp. (22243)
MN 118.725 - 7.9Greece Struthio karatheodoris (73869)
MN 127.9 - 6.965Ukraine (Odessa) Struthio asiaticus (167995)
MN 12 - MN 137.9 - 5.09China (Gansu) Struthio linxiaensis (96188)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Struthio indet. (22242)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58Kenya Struthio sp. (22237)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58South Africa (Cape) Struthio sp., Struthio australis (59167)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Kenya Struthio sp. (232486)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Moldova Struthio sp. (198590)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Struthio sp. (22221 22222)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) Struthionidae indet. (32050)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Kyrgyzstan Struthio transcaucasicus (34439)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Malawi (Northern) Struthio daberasensis (226065)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Russian Federation (West-Siberia) Struthio chersonensis (44866)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58South Africa Struthionidae indet. (74791)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Struthio sp. (39409)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Tanzania (Eastern Rift Valley) Struthionidae indet. (22597 22599)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.58Kenya Struthio indet. (22235) Struthio sp. (22239)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117China (Nei Mongol) Struthionidae indet. (28793)
Ruscinian5.09 - 3.55Turkey (Ankara) Struthio sp. (34370)
MN 15 - MN 164.16 - 2.245Ukraine Struthio chersonensis (50943)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Egypt (Al Buhayrah) Struthio sp. (42119)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Egypt Struthio sp. (22592)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.58Morocco Struthio sp. (32054) Struthionidae indet., Struthio asiaticus (32052)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.58Ethiopia (Afar) Struthio sp. (224654)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.774India (Punjab) Struthio camelus (236043)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa Struthio sp. (22332)
MN 163.55 - 2.245Greece (Thessaly) Struthio chersonensis (205043)
Villafranchian3.55 - 1.8Hungary (Fejer) Pachystruthio pannonicus (35374)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Tanzania Struthio sp. (22593 22595) Struthionidae indet. (22596)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Ethiopia (Afar) Struthio sp. (224655)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Greece Pachystruthio dmanisensis (230277)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Algeria Struthio barbarus (224087)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Turkey Struthio sp. (39321)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Georgia Struthio dmanisensis (56733)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774China Struthio sp. (51471)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.58 - 0.774Tanzania Struthio sp. (21969 21973) Struthionidae indet. (22471 22624)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Morocco Struthio sp. (34332)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117South Africa Struthio camelus (21920 21953) Struthio camelus, Struthio australis (21931) Struthio sp. (21825 21829)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Turkmenistan Struthio asiaticus (40687)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Sudan Struthio camelus (21872)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Struthio camelus (22074)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0South Africa Struthio australis (21711) Struthio camelus (21950)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.58 - 0.0Tanzania Struthio camelus (22188)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania Struthio sp. (21970 21971 22041 22064 22464 22627 22628) Struthionidae indet. (22470)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Morocco Struthio sp. (42866)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117South Africa Struthio camelus (198625)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kenya Struthio sp. (22272)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Struthio australis (21709)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Struthio camelus (22066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa (Namaqualand) Struthio camelus (51187)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Struthio camelus (21902 21903 21904 21958)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Struthio camelus (21896 21914)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Egypt Struthio camelus (21878 21907)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Niger Struthio camelus (83303 83304)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Struthio camelus (22068)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa (Orange Free) Struthio camelus (21858 21861)