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Apterygiformes (kiwi)

Osteichthyes - Apterygiformes

Taxonomy
Apterygiformes is an order. It is extant.

It was assigned to Neognathae by Wetmore (1960); to Palaeognathae by Carroll (1988); to Apterygimorphae by Livezey and Zusi (2007); and to Palaeognathae by Mayr (2022).

Subtaxa
Apterygidae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1960Apterygiformes Wetmore p. 24
1988Apterygiformes Carroll
2007Apterygiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 89
2022Apterygiformes Mayr p. 29

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Saurischia()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
superorderPalaeognathaePycraft 1900
—Ratitae(Merrem 1813)
superorderApterygimorphae
orderApterygiformes
orderApterygiformes

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Apterygiformes [kiwi]
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Fm. Apterygidae Gray 1840
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G. Apteryx Huxley 1867 [kiwi]
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Apteryx australis Shaw 1813 [Southern brown kiwi]
Apteryx haastii Potts 1872 [Great spotted kiwi]
Apteryx mantelli Bartlett 1851 [Northern brown kiwi]
Apteryx owenii Gould 1847 [Little spotted kiwi]
Apteryx rowi Tennyson et al. 2003 [Okarito kiwi]
G. †Metapteryx De Vis 1892
G. †Proapteryx Worthy et al. 2013
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†Proapteryx micromeros Worthy et al. 2013
G. †Pseudapteryx Lydekker 1891
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†Pseudapteryx gracilis Lydekker 1891
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Altonian to the top of the Holocene or 18.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.9 Ma

Collections (21 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Altonian18.7 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) Proapteryx micromeros (152098 153884)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117New Zealand (South Island) Apteryx australis (87810 87814)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0New Zealand Apteryx sp. (182828 182833 182838 182840)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Apteryx australis (215407 215410 215412 215414) Apteryx sp. (215403 215415) Apteryx sp., Apteryx australis, Apteryx owenii (215392)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand Apteryx australis (194619 195150) Apteryx australis, Apteryx owenii (215577) Apteryx sp. (175901) Apteryx sp. juv., Apteryx australis (100554 194618)