PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Phoenicopterus

Reptilia - Theropoda - Phoenicopteridae

Taxonomy

Phoenicopterus was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. Its type is Phoenicopterus ruber. It is the type genus of Phoenicopteridae, Phoenicopteroidea.

It was assigned to Odontoglossae by Shufeldt (1891); and to Phoenicopteridae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Lambrecht (1933), Wetmore (1940), Brodkorb (1955), Howard (1955), Wetmore (1956), Cheneval (1984), Carroll (1988), Emslie (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mlikovsky (2002), Candela et al. (2012), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017), Worthy and Yates (2018) and Worthy and Nguyen (2020).

Species

P. chilensis, P. copei, P. croizeti, P. floridanus, P. minutus, P. novaehollandiae, P. roseus (syn. P. antiquorum), P. ruber (type species), P. stocki

Synonyms

Gervaisia was named by Harrison and Walker (1976).

It was synonymized subjectively with Phoenicopterus by Mlikovsky (2002).
Harrisonavis was named by Kašin (1978).

It was synonymized subjectively with Phoenicopterus by Mlikovsky (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1758	Phoenicopterus Linnaeus
1891	Phoenicopterus Shufeldt p. 819
1902	Phoenicopterus Hay p. 531
1930	Phoenicopterus Hay p. 297
1933	Phoenicopterus Lambrecht p. 344
1940	Phoenicopterus Wetmore p. 19
1955	Phoenicopterus Brodkorb p. 18
1955	Phoenicopterus Howard p. 24
1956	Phoenicopterus Wetmore p. 23
1976	Gervaisia Harrison and Walker
1978	Harrisonavis Kašin
1984	Phoenicopterus Cheneval p. 90
1988	Phoenicopterus Carroll
1992	Phoenicopterus Emslie p. 263
2001	Phoenicopterus Olson and Rasmussen p. 294
2002	Phoenicopterus Mlikovsky p. 106
2012	Phoenicopterus Candela et al. p. 521
2014	Phoenicopterus del Hoyo et al.
2017	Phoenicopterus Clements et al.
2018	Phoenicopterus Worthy and Yates p. 232
2020	Phoenicopterus Worthy and Nguyen p. 82

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
order	Theropoda
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
order	Phoenicopteriformes
family	Phoenicopteridae	Bonaparte 1838
genus	Phoenicopterus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Phoenicopterus Linnaeus 1758

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Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina 1782 [Chilean flamingo]

†Phoenicopterus copei Shufeldt 1891

†Phoenicopterus croizeti Gervais 1852

†Phoenicopterus floridanus Brodkorb 1953 [flamingo]

†Phoenicopterus minutus Howard 1955

†Phoenicopterus novaehollandiae Miller 1963

Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas 1811 [greater flamingo]

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Invalid names: Phoenicopterus antiquorum Temminck 1815 [synonym]

Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus 1758 [American flamingo]

†Phoenicopterus stocki Miller 1944

Invalid names: Gervaisia Harrison and Walker 1976 [synonym], Harrisonavis Kašin 1978 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:39:15

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:39:15

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Aquitanian to the top of the Holocene or 23.03000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 20.44 Ma

Collections (35 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Aquitanian	23.03 - 20.44	France (Auvergne)	P. croizeti (125333)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.03 - 15.97	Czech Republic	Harrisonavis croizeti (61440 61441)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	Argentina (Entre Rios)	P. sp. (199484)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	USA (Florida)	P. floridanus (122351)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Australia (Northern Territory)	P. novaehollandiae (13315)
Late/Upper Hemphillian	10.3 - 4.9	Mexico (Chihuahua)	P. stocki (18755)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	USA (North Carolina)	P. floridanus (52582)
Zanclean	5.333 - 3.6	Australia (Queensland)	P. ruber (182159)
Blancan	4.9 - 1.8	USA (Florida)	P. sp. (19753)
Blancan	4.9 - 1.8	USA (California)	P. sp. (20540)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Egypt	P. antiquorum (21888)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Egypt (Kom Ombo Plain)	P. antiquorum (22544)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Mexico (Jalisco)	P. ruber (192626)
Irvingtonian	1.8 - 0.3	USA (Florida)	P. copei, P. ruber (20400)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.0117	South Africa	P. roseus (198625)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico (Mexico)	P. copei (71320)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Mexico (Jalisco)	P. sp. (192628)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Oregon)	P. copei (93251 176222)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Portugal	P. ruber (197768)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (California)	P. copei (192602) P. minutus (192606 192607 192609) P. minutus, P. copei (20273)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Venezuela	P. ruber (197931 197932 197934)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Mauritius	P. ruber (194169) P. sp. (194024)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Reunion	P. ruber (193996)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Madagascar	P. roseus (236022) P. ruber (195019)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Puerto Rico	P. ruber (194583)