PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Hoplophoneus

Mammalia - Carnivora - Nimravidae

Taxonomy

Hoplophoneus was named by Cope (1874). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Drepanodon by Palmer (1904), Scott and Jepsen (1936).

It was assigned to Machairodontinae by Hay (1902); to Hoplophoneinae by Flynn and Galiano (1982); to Nimravidae by Cope (1874), Cope (1880), Simpson (1941), Hough (1949), Martin (1998); to Nimravinae by Bryant (1991), Peigné (2003), Slater and Van Valkenburgh (2008); and to Hoplophoneini by Barrett (2016).

Species

H. adelos, H. bidentatus, H. cerebralis (syn. Ekgmoiteptecela olsontau, H. belli), H. crassidens, H. dakotensis, H. occidentalis (syn. Dinotomius atrox), H. oharrai, H. primaevus (syn. H. marshi, H. latidens, H. oreodontis, H. robustus, H. mentalis, H. insolens, H. molossus), H. sicarius, H. strigidens, H. villebramarensis

Synonyms

Dinotomius was named by Williston (1895).

It was synonymized subjectively with Drepanodon by Scott and Jepsen (1936); it was synonymized subjectively with Hoplophoneus by Adams (1896), Riggs (1896), Hay (1902), Simpson (1941), Bryant (1996), Barrett (2016).
Ekgmoiteptecela was named by Macdonald (1963).

It was synonymized subjectively with Eusmilus by Martin (1980), Bryant (1984), Bryant (1996); it was synonymized subjectively with Hoplophoneus by Barrett (2016).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1874	Hoplophoneus Cope
1880	Hoplophoneus Cope p. 836
1895	Dinotomius Williston
1902	Hoplophoneus Hay p. 778
1941	Hoplophoneus Simpson
1949	Hoplophoneus Hough
1963	Ekgmoiteptecela Macdonald
1982	Hoplophoneus Flynn and Galiano p. 53
1991	Hoplophoneus Bryant p. 69
1998	Hoplophoneus Martin
2003	Hoplophoneus Peigné
2008	Hoplophoneus Slater and Van Valkenburgh p. 407
2016	Hoplophoneus Barrett p. e1658

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Feliformia	Kretzoi 1945
family	Nimravidae	Cope 1880
tribe	Hoplophoneini	Kretzoi 1929
genus	Hoplophoneus	Cope 1874

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hoplophoneus Cope 1874

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†Hoplophoneus adelos Barrett 2021

†Hoplophoneus bidentatus Filhol 1872

†Hoplophoneus cerebralis Cope 1880

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Invalid names: Ekgmoiteptecela olsontau Macdonald 1963 [synonym], Hoplophoneus belli Stock 1933 [synonym]

†Hoplophoneus crassidens Cragin 1892

†Hoplophoneus dakotensis Hatcher 1895

†Hoplophoneus occidentalis Leidy 1866

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Invalid names: Dinotomius atrox Williston 1895 [synonym]

†Hoplophoneus oharrai Jepsen 1926

†Hoplophoneus primaevus Leidy and Owen 1851

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Invalid names: Hoplophoneus insolens Adams 1896 [synonym], Hoplophoneus latidens Thorpe 1920 [synonym], Hoplophoneus marshi Thorpe 1920 [synonym], Hoplophoneus mentalis Sinclair 1921 [synonym], Hoplophoneus molossus Thorpe 1920 [synonym], Hoplophoneus oreodontis Cope 1873 [synonym], Hoplophoneus robustus Adams 1896 [synonym]

†Hoplophoneus sicarius Sinclair and Jepsen 1927

†Hoplophoneus strigidens Cope 1878

†Hoplophoneus villebramarensis Peigné and Brunet 2001

Invalid names: Dinotomius Williston 1895 [synonym], Ekgmoiteptecela Macdonald 1963 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
P. Z. Barrett 2016	Absence of lateral and medial fossae on the zygomata; triangular zygomata in dorsal view; petrobasilar and posterior lacerate foramina form two distinct grooves; large tabular mastoid with reduced to near absent paroccipital process; incisors all caniniform, i1 very transversely compressed and i3 nearly as large as the lower canine; serration density of permanent upper canines per millimeter, 2.8 or greater; parastyle on P4; P4 protocone reduced, short, crest-like or absent; M1 transversely reduced, crest-like, with low cusps and near absent to absent protocone; lower incisor arcade curved; p3 height is as tall or slightly taller than p4; anterior cusp on p4 mesially-distally shorter than the posterior cusp; the maincusp of the p4 is lower than the paraconid of m1; m1 metaconid present; serrations present on adult minimally worn cheek teeth; ratio of tibia to femur 83% and lower; articulation between the calcaneum and navicular absent.

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoreg

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Comments:

"meat group" (Van Valkenburgh 1988)g

Created:

2009-01-04 14:30:41

Modified:

2009-01-04 16:32:12

Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Martin 1998, Lillegraven 1979, Van Valkenburgh 1988

Age range: base of the Chadronian to the top of the MP 21 or 37.00000 to 27.30000 Ma

Collections (47 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Eocene	37.71 - 33.9	Thailand	H. sp. (49078)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	H. oharrai (16962 16963 16964 16965 16966)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	H. sp. (16919)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (South Dakota)	H. mentalis (83881) H. oharrai (16938 17006)
Chadronian	37.0 - 33.9	USA (Nebraska)	H. mentalis (16929 16930)
Chadronian - Orellan	37.0 - 31.8	USA (Wyoming)	H. sp. (16976)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (Wyoming)	Eusmilus sicarius (99845) H. latidens (17157) H. primaevus (17131)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (South Dakota)	Eusmilus sicarius (17158) H. insolens (17084) H. occidentalis, H. primaevus (17153) H. primaevus (17067 17077 17133 17141 17295) H. robustus (17092) H. sp. (17094 17173)
Orellan	33.9 - 31.8	USA (Nebraska)	H. primaevus (17098)
Rupelian - Whitneyan	33.9 - 29.5	USA (South Dakota)	Eusmilus dakotensis (207805)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Germany (Bayern)	Eusmilus villebramarensis (183526)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Limousin)	Eusmilus bidentatus (31753)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées)	Machairodus bidentatus (183670)
MP 21	33.9 - 27.3	Germany (Baden-Württemberg)	Eusmilus bidentatus (183669)
MP 21	33.9 - 27.3	Germany (Bayern)	Eusmilus bidentatus (183667 183668)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine )	Eusmilus villebramarensis (183511)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France (Midi-Pyrenées)	Eusmilus bidentatus (167537)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	Germany (Bayern)	Eusmilus villebramarensis (91491)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Switzerland (Canton Basel-Landschaft)	Eusmilus villebramarensis (182622)
Whitneyan	31.8 - 29.5	USA (Oregon)	H. strigidens (17349)
Whitneyan - late Early Arikareean	31.8 - 18.5	USA (California)	H. belli (17527)
Geringian	29.5 - 24.7	USA (South Dakota)	Ekgmoiteptecela olsontau (17645 17660) Eusmilus cerebralis (17705)
Geringian	29.5 - 24.7	USA (Oregon)	H. sp., Eusmilus cerebralis (17508)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Oregon)	Machaerodus strigidens (180202)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (South Dakota)	Ekgmoiteptecela olsontau (17606)