PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Amphicynodon

Osteichthyes - Carnivora - Ursidae

Taxonomy

Amphicynodon was named by Filhol (1881). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Ursidae by Filhol (1881); to Phocoidea by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Amphicynodontinae by Hunt (1998); to Ursoidea by Wang et al. (2005); and to Amphicynodontidae by Bonis et al. (2019), de Bonis et al. (2019).

Species

A. aymardi, A. brachyrostris, A. cephalogalinus, A. chardini, A. crassirostris, A. gracilis, A. leptorhynchus, A. musteloides, A. palustris, A. rossignoli, A. speciosus, A. teilhardi (syn. Cynodictis mongoliensis), A. typicus (syn. Plesiocyon dubius), A. velaunus, A. wortmani, Cynodon helveticus, Cynodon typicus

Synonyms

Cynodon aymardi was named by Filhol (1883). It is not extant.

It was recombined as Cyotherium aymardi by Trouessart (1898); it was recombined as Aymardia aymardi by Trouessart (1904); it was considered a nomen nudum by Cirot and de Bonis (1992).
Paracynodon wortmani was named by Schlosser (1902). It is not extant.

It was recombined as Cynodon wortmani by Teilhard (1915); it was considered a nomen nudum by Cirot and de Bonis (1992).
Paracynodon musteloides was named by Schlosser (1902). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen nudum by Cirot and de Bonis (1992).
Cynodon was named by Aymard (1848). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Amphicynodon by Beaumont (1965), McKenna and Bell (1997).

It was assigned to Canidae by Bourguignat (1875).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1848	Cynodon Aymard p. 244
1875	Cynodon Bourguignat
1881	Amphicynodon Filhol
1883	Cynodon aymardi Filhol
1898	Cyotherium aymardi Trouessart
1902	Paracynodon musteloides Schlosser
1902	Paracynodon wortmani Schlosser
1904	Aymardia aymardi Trouessart
1915	Cynodon wortmani Teilhard
1997	Amphicynodon McKenna and Bell p. 252
1998	Amphicynodon Hunt, Jr.
2005	Amphicynodon Wang et al. p. 27
2019	Amphicynodon Bonis et al.
2019	Amphicynodon de Bonis et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
class	Osteichthyes
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Pancarnivora
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
infraorder	Canoidea	(Simpson 1931)
superfamily	Arctoidea	Flower 1869
—	Ursida
superfamily	Ursoidea	Fischer de Waldheim 1817
family	Ursidae	Gray 1825
subfamily	Amphicynodontinae
genus	Amphicynodon	Filhol 1881

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Amphicynodon Filhol 1881

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†Amphicynodon brachyrostris Filhol 1876

†Amphicynodon cephalogalinus Teilhard 1915

†Amphicynodon chardini Cirot and de Bonis 1992

†Amphicynodon crassirostris Filhol 1876

†Amphicynodon gracilis Filhol 1874

†Amphicynodon leptorhynchus Filhol 1874

†Amphicynodon palustris Aymard 1850

†Amphicynodon rossignoli Filhol 1882

†Amphicynodon speciosus Fafiot 1882

†Amphicynodon teilhardi Matthew and Granger 1924

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Invalid names: Cynodictis mongoliensis Janovskaja 1970 [synonym]

†Amphicynodon typicus Schlosser 1888

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Invalid names: Plesiocyon dubius Trouessart 1898 [synonym]

†Amphicynodon velaunus Aymard 1846

Invalid names: Amphicynodon aymardi Filhol 1883 [nomen nudum], Amphicynodon musteloides Schlosser 1902 [nomen nudum], Amphicynodon wortmani Schlosser 1902 [nomen nudum], Cynodon Aymard 1848 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

herbivoref

Diet 2:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:10

Modified:

2005-08-22 19:31:30

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991

Age range: base of the MP 21 to the top of the Late/Upper Oligocene or 33.90000 to 23.04000 Ma

Collections (16 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mongolia	Pachycynodon teilhardi (53979)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	Mongolia (Övörkhangai)	A. sp., A. teilhardi (180961 201191) A. teilhardi (53978)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region)	Cynodictis gracilis (31583)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	France (Auvergne Region)	A. velaunus, Cynodon palustris (31767)
Early/Lower Oligocene	33.9 - 27.3	China (Nei Mongol)	A. sp. (174759 175386)
MP 21	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy)	Cynodictis brachyrostris (36708)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France (Midi-Pyrenées)	A. sp. 2, A. typicus (167537)
MP 22	33.9 - 27.3	France	A. leptorhynchus (183452)
MP 23	33.9 - 27.3	France (Quercy)	A. leptorhynchus, A. typicus (36711) A. typicus (36709)
Rupelian	33.9 - 27.3	Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate)	A. sp. (65088)
Oligocene	33.9 - 23.04	France	A. chardini (231273)
Late/Upper Oligocene	27.3 - 23.04	Mongolia	A. sp. (75588)