PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Loxonema phillipsi

Gastropoda - Murchisoniina - Loxonematidae

Taxonomy

Turritella phillipsii was named by Howse (1848).

It was synonymized subjectively with Loxonema fasciata by King (1850); it was synonymized subjectively with Chemnitzia altenburgensis by Howse (1857); it was recombined as Turbonilla phillipsi by Geinitz (1861); it was recombined as Loxonema phillipsi by Airaghi (1907), Dietz (1911) and Riedel (1917).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

L. turritelliforme, L. ventricosa

Synonyms

Loxonema geinitziana was named by King (1848). Its type specimen is UCG D817A. Its type locality is Humbleton Hill quarry, shell-limestone, Durham, which is in a Wuchiapingian carbonate grainstone in the Ford Formation of the United Kingdom.

It was synonymized subjectively with Turbonilla phillipsi by Geinitz (1861); it was recombined as Donaldina geinitziana by Pattison (1977); it was recombined as Streptacis geinitziana by Hollingworth and Barker (1991).
Turritella tunstallensis was named by Howse (1848).

It was synonymized subjectively with Chemnitzia altenburgensis by Howse (1857); it was synonymized subjectively with Turbonilla phillipsi by Geinitz (1861).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1848	Turritella phillipsii Howse p. 240
1848	Turritella tunstallensis Howse p. 241
1848	Loxonema geinitziana King p. 13
1850	Loxonema geinitziana King p. 210 figs. pl. 16 f. 31
1861	Turbonilla phillipsi Geinitz p. 47 figs. Pl 11, figs 11-13
1907	Loxonema phillipsi Airaghi p. 56
1911	Loxonema phillipsi Dietz p. 479 figs. Pl 15, fig 2
1917	Loxonema phillipsi Riedel p. 66
1977	Donaldina geinitziana Pattison p. 40
1991	Streptacis geinitziana Hollingworth and Barker p. 359–360 figs. 17-18, 22.5-6

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca

Rank	Name	Author
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Orthogastropoda
order	Murchisoniina
superfamily	Loxonematoidea	(Koken 1889)
family	Loxonematidae
genus	Loxonema
species	phillipsi	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Loxonema phillipsi Howse 1848

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Invalid names: Loxonema geinitziana King 1848 [synonym], Turritella tunstallensis Howse 1848 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
shell height	2	8.20	5.70	11.8	8.75	4.31

Composition:

aragoniteo

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100g

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

10 to < 100g

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

noneg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Locomotion:

facultatively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

suspension feederf

Vision:

limitedo

Created:

2009-06-06 08:07:05

Modified:

2009-06-06 10:07:05

Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order

References: Bambach et al. 2007, Hendy 2009

Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Changhsingian or 259.90000 to 252.17000 Ma

Collections (9 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	United Kingdom	Turritella phillipsii (130834 130870) Turritella phillipsii, Turritella tunstallensis (130871)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Poland	Loxonema phillipsi (208518)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	United Kingdom (England)	Loxonema geinitziana (130765) Streptacis geinitziana (24085 109718)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	Germany	Loxonema phillipsi (208967)
Changhsingian	254.17 - 252.17	Italy	Loxonema phillipsi (232368)