PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Calophyllum quadrifidum

Anthozoa - Stauriida - Polycoeliidae

Taxonomy

Caryophyllia quadrifida was named by Howse (1848).

It was synonymized subjectively with Calophyllum profundum by Geinitz (1861); it was recombined as Calophyllum quadrifidum by Weyer (1984).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

C. angustum, C. bhutanensis, C. calabaformis, C. cantabricum, C. gerthi, C. problematicum, C. qinglongense, C. tenue

Synonyms

Turbinolia donatiana was named by King (1848).

It was recombined as Polycoelia donatiana by King (1849); it was recombined as Calophyllum donatianum by King (1850); it was synonymized subjectively with Calophyllum profundum by Geinitz (1861); it was synonymized subjectively with Calophyllum quadrifidum by Weyer (1984).
Petraia dentalis was named by King (1848).

It was synonymized subjectively with Calophyllum quadrifidum by Weyer (1984).
Astrocyathus incisus was named by Ludwig (1869). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ilmenau (Ludwig collection), which is in a Wuchiapingian marine shale in the Zechstein Formation of Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Calophyllum quadrifidum by Weyer (1984).
Astrocyathus compressus was named by Ludwig (1869). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Ilmenau (Ludwig collection), which is in a Wuchiapingian marine shale in the Zechstein Formation of Germany.

It was synonymized subjectively with Calophyllum quadrifidum by Weyer (1984).
Polycoelia gracilis was named by Schindewolf (1942).

It was synonymized subjectively with Calophyllum quadrifidum by Weyer (1984).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1848	Caryophyllia quadrifida Howse p. 260
1848	Petraia dentalis King
1848	Turbinolia donatiana King p. 6
1849	Polycoelia donatiana King p. 388
1850	Calophyllum donatianum King p. 23 figs. Pl 3, fig 1
1869	Astrocyathus incisus Ludwig p. 133 figs. Pl 30, fig 4
1869	Astrocyathus compressus Ludwig p. 134 figs. Pl 30, fig 5
1942	Polycoelia gracilis Schindewolf
1984	Calophyllum quadrifidum Weyer p. 29 figs. 8.4-8.8, 9.1-9.7

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
phylum	Cnidaria	Hatschek 1888
class	Anthozoa	Ehrenberg 1834
—	Hexacorallia	()
subclass	Rugosa	(Milne-Edwards and Haime 1850)

Rank	Name	Author
order	Stauriida	Verrill 1865
suborder	Plerophyllina	Sokolov 1960
family	Polycoeliidae	Fromentel 1861
genus	Calophyllum	Dana 1846
species	quadrifidum	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Calophyllum quadrifidum Howse 1848

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Invalid names: Astrocyathus compressus Ludwig 1869 [synonym], Astrocyathus incisus Ludwig 1869 [synonym], Petraia dentalis King 1848 [synonym], Polycoelia gracilis Schindewolf 1942 [synonym], Turbinolia donatiana King 1848 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

high Mg calciteg

Locomotion:

stationaryo

Attached:

yeso

Life habit:

epifaunalo

Diet:

suspension feedero

Vision:

blindc

Created:

2007-11-15 09:13:28

Modified:

2007-11-15 11:13:28

Source: g = genus, o = order, c = class

Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: Wuchiapingian or 259.51000 to 254.14000 Ma

Collections (4 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Wuchiapingian	259.51 - 254.14	Germany	Astrocyathus incisus, Astrocyathus compressus (208887) Calophyllum quadrifidum (208882 208883)
Wuchiapingian	259.51 - 254.14	United Kingdom (England)	Calophyllum donatianum (130765)