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Taxonomy
Erethizontoidea was named by Bonaparte (1845) [apparently first used at superfamily rank by Simpson 1945]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Caviomorpha by Carroll (1988) and Nowak (1999); and to Caviomorpha by Wood (1958), Wood and Patterson (1959) and Boivin et al. (2017).
It was assigned to Caviomorpha by Carroll (1988) and Nowak (1999); and to Caviomorpha by Wood (1958), Wood and Patterson (1959) and Boivin et al. (2017).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1845 | Erethizontoidea Bonaparte |
| 1958 | Erethizontoidea Wood p. 172 |
| 1959 | Erethizontoidea Wood and Patterson |
| 1988 | Erethizontoidea Carroll |
| 1999 | Erethizontoidea Nowak |
| 2017 | Erethizontoidea Boivin et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. Erethizontoidea Bonaparte 1845
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G. †Eosteiromys Ameghino 1902
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†Eosteiromys annectens Ameghino 1901
†Eosteiromys homogenidens Ameghino 1902
†Eosteiromys segregatus Ameghino 1902
Fm. Erethizontidae Bonaparte 1845 [porcupine]
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G. †Branisamyopsis Candela 2003
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†Branisamyopsis australis Candela 2003
†Branisamyopsis praesigmoides Kramarz 2004
G. Coendou Lacépède 1799 [prehensile-tailed porcupine]
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Coendou laenatus Thomas 1903
†Coendou magnus Lund 1839
Coendou prehensilis Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Echinoprocta Gray 1865 [synonym], Sphiggurus Cuvier 1825 [synonym]
G. Erethizon Cuvier 1822 [North American porcupine]
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†Erethizon cascoensis White 1970
Erethizon dorsatum Linnaeus 1758 [North American porcupine]
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Erethizon dorsatum bruneri Swenk 1916
Erethizon dorsatum couesi Mearns 1897
Erethizon dorsatum dorsatum Linnaeus 1758
Erethizon dorsatum myops Merriam 1900
Erethizon dorsatum picinum Bangs 1900
Invalid names: Coendou cumberlandicus White 1970 [synonym], Erethizon cloacinum Cope 1871 [synonym], Erethizon godfreyi Allen 1904 [synonym]
Erethizon dorsatum epixanthus Brandt 1835
†Erethizon kleini Frazier 1981
†Erethizon poyeri Hulbert, Jr. 1997
G. †Hyposteiromys Patterson 1958
G. †Paradoxomys Ameghino 1885
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†Paradoxomys cancrivorus Ameghino 1885
†Paradoxomys patagonicus Ameghino 1889
G. †Parasteiromys Ameghino 1904
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†Parasteiromys friantae Candela 1999
†Parasteiromys uniformis Ameghino 1904
G. †Protosteiromys Wood and Patterson 1959
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†Protosteiromys asmodeophilus Wood and Patterson 1959
†Protosteiromys medianus Ameghino 1903
†Protosteiromys pattersoni Pérez et al. 2018
Invalid names: Erethizontinae Thomas 1897 [empty]
G. †Shapajamys Boivin et al. 2018
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†Shapajamys labocensis Boivin et al. 2018
†Shapajamys minor Arnal et al. 2022
G. †Steiromys Ameghino 1887
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†Steiromys detentus Ameghino 1887
†Steiromys duplicatus Ameghino 1887
†Steiromys intermedius Scott 1905
†Steiromys principalis Ameghino 1901
†Steiromys pseudonectus Bordas 1939
†Steiromys segregatus Ameghino 1902
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: s = species, g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Walton 1997 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Deseadan to the top of the Holocene or 29.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.4 Ma
Collections (146 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Colombia (Putumayo) | Eosteiromys sp. (145350) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Peru | Shapajamys labocensis (199559) | |
| Rupelian | Peru (Departamento de Ucayali) | Eopululo wigmorei, Shapajamys minor (149523) | |
| Rupelian - Chattian | Peru | Kichkasteiromys raimondii (199562) | |
| Deseadan | Argentina (Chubut) | Eosteiromys medianus, Protosteiromys medianus, Protosteiromys asmodeophilus (14211) | |
| Deseadan | Bolivia (La Paz) | Cholamys tetralophodonta (194513) Protosteiromys pattersoni (133596) | |
| Deseadan | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Protosteiromys asmeodeophilus, Eosteiromys medianus, Protosteiromys medianus (50074) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Peru (Loreto) | Erethizontidae n. sp. 2 (176130) Erethizontoidea indet., Erethizontidae n. sp. 2 (176147) | |
| Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Neuquén) | Eosteiromys n. sp. (89027) Eosteiromys sp. (89030) | |
| Colhuehuapian | Argentina (Chubut) | Eosteiromys n. sp., Eosteiromys homogenidens, Hypsosteiromys axiculus (145897) Eosteiromys sp. (197191) Eosteiromys sp., Eosteiromys homogenidens, Eosteiromys segregatus (27311) Eosteiromys sp., Hypsosteiromys sp., Eosteiromys homogenidens, Branisamyopsis australis, Steiromys nectus, Steiromys axiculus, Steiromys tabulatus, Parasteiromys uniformis, Eosteiromys segregatus, Parasteiromys friantae (141368) | |
| Burdigalian | Argentina (Chubut) | Eosteiromys sp. (176205) | |
| Burdigalian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Eosteiromys annectens, Branisamyopsis praesigmoides (59325 59326) Eosteiromys annectens, Steiromys duplicatus, Branisamyopsis praesigmoides (59320) Eosteiromys annectens, Steiromys duplicatus, Steiromys principalis, Branisamyopsis praesigmoides (59133 59322) Eosteiromys homogenidens, Eosteiromys annectens, Steiromys principalis, Branisamyopsis praesigmoides (59319 59321) Eosteiromys homogenidens, Steiromys duplicatus, Steiromys principalis, Branisamyopsis praesigmoides (59323) | |
| Burdigalian | Chile (Aisén) | Steiromys sp., Eosteiromys annectens, Steiromys duplicatus (71843) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Peru (Cuzco) | Microsteiromys sp. (144513) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Steiromys sp. (197691) | |
| Santacrucian | Argentina (Santa Cruz) | Steiromys detentus (176599 176600 176601 206234) Steiromys detentus, Steiromys duplicatus (142533 176593 176602) Steiromys duplicatus, Branisamyopsis praesigmoides (59324) Steiromys sp. (210637) Steiromys sp., Steiromys detentus, Steiromys duplicatus (210638 210786) | |
| Colloncuran | Argentina (Neuquén) | Branisamyopsis sp. (141175) | |
| Colloncuran | Argentina (Neuquen) | Erethizontidae indet. (28611) | |
| Serravallian | Peru (San Martin) | Erethizontoidea indet., Nuyuyomys chinqaska (230802) | |
| Laventan | Colombia (Huila) | Microsteiromys jacobsi (141256 141257 142428) Steiromys sp. (136211 194496 195251) | |
| Tortonian | Brazil (Acre) | Erethizontidae indet. (55602) | |
| Tortonian | Peru | Steiromys sp. (176133) | |
| Tortonian | Brazil (Amazonas) | Erethizontidae indet. (67386) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Brazil (Acre) | Erethizontidae indet. (134808 136714) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Brazil | Erethizontidae indet. (57989) | |
| Huayquerian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Paradoxomys sp., Paradoxomys cancrivorus (55600) | |
| Huayquerian | Bolivia (Chuquisaca) | Erethizontidae indet. (68792) | |
| Blancan | USA (California) | Erethizon cascoensis (19737) Erethizon sp. (20117 20121) Erethizon stirtoni (20115 20118 20120) | |
| Blancan | USA (Arizona) | Coendou stirtoni (19650) | |
| Blancan | USA (Idaho) | Erethizon bathygnathum (19913) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | Erethizon poyeri (203947) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Argentina (Jujuy) | Erethizon sp. (141896) | |
| Piacenzian | Colombia (La Guajira) | Erethizontidae sp. (166508) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Venezuela (Monagas) | Erethizontidae indet. (144977) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | Erethizon kleini (20384) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Erethizon bathygnathum (206955) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Erethizon poyeri (98313) Erethizon sp. (19750) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Bolivia (Tarija ) | Coendou sp., Coendou magnus (70673) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | Erethizon dorsatum (126660) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Tennessee) | Erethizon dorsatum (74246) | |
| Pleistocene (glacial) | Brazil (Minas Gerais) | Coendou prehensilis, Coendou magnus (140474) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Erethizon dorsatum (227368) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Erethizon dorsatum (124319 124709 125941) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (West Virginia) | Erethizon dorsatum (79660) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Texas) | Erethizon epixanthum (93258) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Erethizon dorsatum (20354 20479) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (New Mexico) | Erethizon sp. (20504 20514) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Arkansas) | Erethizon dorsatum (20290) | |
| Irvingtonian | Mexico (Aguascalientes) | Erethizon dorsatum (20283) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (West Virginia) | Coendou cumberlandicus (20554) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Maryland) | Erethizon sp., Coendou cumberlandicus (20302) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Colorado) | Erethizon sp. (20477 20559) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Erethizon dorsatum (20145 20289 20350 20351) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Nebraska) | Erethizon sp. (20138) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Coendou sp. (20187) Erethizon cascoensis (20319) Erethizon sp. (20126 28221) | |
| Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Erethizon kleini (20419) | |
| Lujanian | Uruguay | Coendou magnus (71274 71325) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Sante Fé) | Coendou magnus (189512) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (South Carolina) | Erethizon dorsatum (79757) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (Nebraska) | Erethizon dorsatum (93179) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Erethizon dorsatum (154771) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New Mexico) | Erethizon dorsatum (93141) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Bolivia (Tarija) | Coendou sp. (142158) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (New Mexico) | Erethizon dorsatum (76059) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Canada (Alberta) | Erethizon dorsatum (20615) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Nuevo Leon) | Erethizon dorsatum (71345) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | Erethizon dorsatum (74473) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Erethizon dorsatum (82258 103991 104697 104758) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Erethizon dorsatum (93332 123868 124198 124199) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | Erethizon dorsatum (20569) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Utah) | Erethizon dorsatum (20641) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Ohio) | Erethizon dorsatum (93334) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Brazil (Piauí) | Coendou magnus (211632) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Erethizon epixanthus (74235 93250) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Brazil (Bahia) | Coendou prehensilis (71313) Coendou sp. (212472) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Missouri) | Erethizon dorsatum (63565 63571) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Erethizon dorsatum (104044 104672) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Erethizon dorsatum (221970 224189) | |
| Holocene | Peru | Coendou prehensilis (21689) | |
| Holocene | Brazil (Pará) | Coendou prehensilis (211490) | |
| Holocene | USA (Ohio) | Erethizon dorsatum (195062 195069) | |
| Holocene | USA (New Mexico) | Erethizon sp. (93375) | |
| Holocene | Venezuela (Guarico) | Coendou prehensilis (21686) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Ontario) | Erethizon dorsatum (221863) | |
| Holocene | Brazil (Districto Agropecura) | Coendou prehensilis (21687) | |
| Holocene | Panama | Coendou rothschildi (21691) | |
| Holocene | USA (Alaska) | Erethizon dorsatum (220460) |