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Dichobune

Osteichthyes - Dichobunidae

Taxonomy
Dichobune was named by Cuvier (1822). It is not extant. Its type is Dichobune leporina.

It was assigned to Rhinocerotina by Gray (1825); to Pachydermata by Owen (1844); to Ruminantia by Owen (1848); to Dichobunidae by Cope (1882), Hooker (1986), Carroll (1988); to Dichobunini by McKenna and Bell (1997); and to Dichobuninae by Theodor et al. (2007), Luccisano et al. (2020).

Species
D. cervinum, D. fraasi, D. jehennei, D. leporina (type species), D. robertiana, D. sigei
Species lacking formal opinion data
D. cuspidatus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1822Dichobune Cuvier
1825Dolichotuna Gray p. 342
1844Dichobune Owen p. 225
1848Dichobune Owen p. 139
1882Dichobune Cope
1986Dichobune Hooker p. 376
1988Dichobune Carroll
1997Dichobune McKenna and Bell p. 400
2007Dichobune Theodor et al. p. 45
2020Dichobune Luccisano et al. p. 1635

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
superfamilyDichobunoideaGill 1872
familyDichobunidaeGill 1872
subfamilyDichobuninaeTurner 1849
genusDichobuneCuvier 1822

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Dichobune Cuvier 1822
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†Dichobune cervinum Owen 1825
†Dichobune fraasi Schlosser 1902
†Dichobune jehennei Brunet and Sudre 1980
†Dichobune leporina Cuvier 1822
†Dichobune robertiana Gervais 1848
†Dichobune sigei Sudre 1978
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
V. Luccisano et al. 2020(following Theodor et al. 2007). Medium- sized dichobunids with slightly elongated skull.
Neurocranium rounded, orbits large and sub-central. Mastoid well developed, tympanic bulla unossified. Upper molars quadratic, bunodont, buccal cusps crested. M1/ and M2/ with strong hypocone and preprotocrista, including a paraconule. Postprotocrista absent. Lower molars with rounded lingual cuspids, slightly crested buccal cuspids; talonid basin is lingually open, lacks a preentocristis. M/1 and M/2 distal cingulid bears a hypoconulid. All premolars display a paraconid and hypoconid; P/4 a lingual metaconid; P/2 mesial and dis- tal diastemata.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Maximum body mass: 3 kgg
Minimum body mass: 3 kgg
Body mass estimate: 3 kg
Environment: terrestrialg
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: frugivoref
Diet 2: omnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-09-01 02:26:39
Modified: 2005-09-01 04:26:39
Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Blondel 1996, Legendre 1988, Nowak 1999, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the MP 14 to the top of the Early/Lower Oligocene or 48.07000 to 27.30000 Ma

Collections (36 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.03France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) D. robertiana (31717)
Ypresian - Lutetian56.0 - 41.03France (Languedoc-Roussillon) D. robertiana (182519)
Sharamurunian56.0 - 37.71China (Henan) D. sp. (41120)
Lutetian48.07 - 41.03France D. robertiana (184468)
MP 1448.07 - 41.03France (Nouvelle-Aquitaine) D. robertiana (184174)
Lutetian - Bartonian48.07 - 37.71Switzerland (Baselland) D. robertiana (31723)
Middle Eocene48.07 - 37.71China (Henan) D. sp. (46193)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71United Kingdom (England) D. robertiana (39014)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Switzerland (Baselland) D. robertiana (31720 31721)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71France (Rhone-Alpes Region) D. robertiana (31741)
Bartonian41.03 - 37.71Spain (Barcelona) D. new species (182220)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) D. cuspidatus (40028) D. leporina (9071 41652)
Late/Upper Eocene37.71 - 33.9France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) D. leporina (31737)
MP 1837.71 - 33.9Spain (Basque County) D. leporina (38817)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Ile-de-France Region) D. leporina (31739)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Aquitaine Region) D. leporina (31586) D. sp. (31754)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9Switzerland (Solothurn) D. fraasi (31746)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Midi-Pyrenees Region) D. leporina (31749)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) D. leporina (12842 12843 12852 12854 31765) D. sigei (31745)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Languedoc-Roussillon Region) D. leporina (31738)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9France (Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Region) D. leporina (31747)
Priabonian37.71 - 33.9United Kingdom (England) D. leporina (31607) D. sp. (39643)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Belgium D. leporina, D. fraasi (31748)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) D. leporina (31583)
Early/Lower Oligocene33.9 - 27.3Germany D. fraasi (36984)
MP 2233.9 - 27.3France D. jehennei (183452)