PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Blastocerus (marsh deer)

Mammalia - Cervidae

Taxonomy

Blastocerus was named by Wagner (1844). It is extant.

It was assigned to Odocoileini by Hershkovitz (1982); to Cervidae by Carroll (1988); to Odocoileini by Grubb (2000); and to Odocoileinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Webb (1992) and Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008).

Species

Antifer crassus, Antifer niemeyeri, Antifer ultra, Blastoceros azpeitianus, Blastoceros campestris, Blastoceros paludosus, B. dichotomus, B. extraneus, Epieuryceros truncus, Paraceros avius (syn. Cervus intermedius, Cervus minor, Cervus patachonicus), Paraceros ensenadensis, Paraceros fragilis, Paraceros vulneratus

Synonyms

Epieuryceros was named by Ameghino (1889). Its type is Epieuryceros truncus.

It was corrected as Epieurycerus by Ameghino (1889); it was misspelled as Epieurycerus by Bagnalasta (1980); it was synonymized subjectively with Blastocerus by Hershkovitz (1982).

It was assigned to Cervidae by Ameghino (1889) and Bagnalasta (1980).
Paraceros was named by Ameghino (1889). Its type is Cervus ensenadensis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Blastocerus by Hershkovitz (1982).

It was assigned to Cervidae by Ameghino (1889).
Antifer was named by Ameghino (1889). Its type is Cervus ultra.

It was synonymized subjectively with Blastocerus by Hershkovitz (1982).

It was assigned to Cervidae by Ameghino (1889) and Carroll (1988).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1844	Blastocerus Wagner
1889	Epieuryceros Ameghino
1889	Antifer Ameghino p. 61
1889	Paraceros Ameghino p. 605
1889	Antifer Ameghino p. 610
1889	Epieurycerus Ameghino p. 613
1980	Epieurycerus Bagnalasta
1980	Blastocerus Kurten and Anderson p. 312
1982	Blastocerus Hershkovitz p. 8
1988	Antifer Carroll
1988	Blastocerus Carroll
1992	Blastoceras Webb p. 409
2000	Blastocerus Grubb p. 302
2008	Blastoceros Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 978 figs. Fig. 5

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Euungulata
—	Artiodactylamorpha
—	Artiodactyla	()
—	Ruminantiamorpha
—	Ruminantia	(Scopoli 1777)
—	Pecora	()
family	Cervidae
—	Telemetacarpalia
tribe	Odocoileini	(Pocock 1923)
genus	Blastocerus	Wagner 1844

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Blastocerus Wagner 1844 [marsh deer]

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†Blastoceros azpeitianus Ameghino 1888

†Blastoceros campestris Cuvier 1817

†Blastoceros paludosus Desmarest 1822

Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger 1815 [marsh deer]

†Blastocerus extraneus Simpson 1928

Invalid names: Antifer Ameghino 1889 [synonym], Epieuryceros Ameghino 1889 [synonym], Paraceros Ameghino 1889 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
M. B. Bagnalasta 1980 (Epieurycerus)	Cornamenta palmada de gran tamaño formada por una lámina ósea en abanico, de la cual salen 4 a 6 puntas, terminando el candil posterior en dos prolongaciones en forma de horquilla.

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
Antler height	4	267.8	163.0	440.0	301.5	195.9
Antler diameter	4	55.4	53.0	58.0	55.5	3.54

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

grazerf

Diet 2:

browserf

Reproduction:

viviparousf

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-09-22 12:03:17

Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 3.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.588 Ma

Collections (19 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pliocene	3.6 - 2.588	Argentina (Buenos Aires)	Antifer crassus (53926)
Pleistocene	2.588 - 0.0117	Paraguay	Blastocerus dichotomus (71292) Paraceros fragilis (191113)
Ensenadan	1.75 - 0.4	Argentina (Buenos Aires)	Epieurycerus sp. (199170) Epieurycerus truncus (140653)
Lujanian	0.781 - 0.012	Uruguay	Paraceros fragilis, Antifer ultra (71274)
Lujanian (interglacial)	0.781 - 0.012	Uruguay (Salto)	Antifer ultra (140159)
Lujanian	0.781 - 0.012	Argentina (Corrientes)	Blastocerus sp. (71289) Epieuryceros sp. (71290)
Lujanian	0.781 - 0.012	Argentina (Entre Ríos)	Antifer ultra (203955)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	Antifer sp. (147598 148417)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Chile	Antifer niemeyeri (71265)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Argentina (Buenos Aires)	Antifer sp. (203909)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Brazil (Piauí)	Blastocerus sp. (211632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	Chile (O'Higgins)	Antifer sp. (71280 71281)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene	0.129 - 0.0	Chile	Antifer niemeyeri (71266)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	Argentina (Entre Ríos)	Blastocerus dichotomus (212781)