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Taxonomy
Muntiacus was named by Rafinesque (1815). It is extant.
It was assigned to Cervina by Gray (1825); to Cervidae by Carroll (1988); to Cervinae by Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Muntiacinae by Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Muntiacini by Grubb (2000), Hassanin and Douzery (2003) and Mackiewicz et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Cervina by Gray (1825); to Cervidae by Carroll (1988); to Cervinae by Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Muntiacinae by Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Muntiacini by Grubb (2000), Hassanin and Douzery (2003) and Mackiewicz et al. (2022).
Species
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1815 | Muntiacus Rafinesque p. 56 |
| 1816 | Cervulus de Blainville |
| 1825 | Muntjaccus Gray p. 342 |
| 1988 | Cervulus Carroll |
| 1988 | Muntiacus Carroll |
| 2000 | Muntiacus Grubb p. 302 |
| 2003 | Muntiacus Hassanin and Douzery p. 212 |
| 2005 | Muntiacus Wilson and Reeder |
| 2008 | Muntiacus Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5 |
| 2022 | Muntiacus Mackiewicz et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Muntiacus Rafinesque 1815 [muntjak]
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Muntiacus atherodes Groves and Grubb 1982 [Bornean yellow muntjac]
†Muntiacus bohlini Teilhard de Chardin 1940
Muntiacus crinifrons Sclater 1885
Muntiacus feae Thomas and Doria 1889 [Fea's muntjac]
†Muntiacus fenghoensis Chow 1956
Muntiacus gongshanensis Ma 1990 [Gongshan muntjac]
†Muntiacus lacustris Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus leilaoensis Dong et al. 2004
Muntiacus montanus Robinson and Kloss 1918 [Sumatran muntjac]
Muntiacus moschatus Blainville 1816
Muntiacus muntjak Rafinesque 1815
Muntiacus muntjak nigripes Allen 1930
†Muntiacus nanus Teilhard de Chardin and Trassaert 1937
†Muntiacus noringenensis Dong 2007
Muntiacus puhoatensis Trai 1997 [Puhoat muntjac]
Muntiacus putaoensis Amato et al. 1999 [leaf deer]
Muntiacus reevesi Ogliby 1839
Muntiacus rooseveltorum Osgood 1932 [Roosevelt's muntjac]
Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao and Tuoc 1998 [Truong Son muntjac]
Muntiacus vuquangensis Tuoc et al. 1994 [Large-antlered muntjac]
†Muntiacus zhaotongensis Dong et al. 2014
Invalid names: Cervulus de Blainville 1816 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Turolian to the top of the Holocene or 8.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 7.246 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 7.246 Ma
Collections (43 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tortonian | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus sp., Muntiacus nanus (11798) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus zhaotongensis (230332) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | China (Qinghai) | Muntiacus noringenensis (230324) | |
| Baodean | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus leilaoensis (127187) Muntiacus sp. (183982) | |
| Turolian | China (Gansu) | Muntiacus lacustris (42675) | |
| Turolian | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus sp. (44219 44220 44221 44222 44224) Muntiacus sp., Muntiacus nanus (44223) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Moldova | Muntjaccus sp., Muntjaccus pliocaenicus (198590) | |
| Pliocene | China (Henan) | Muntiacus lacustris (46194) | |
| Pliocene | Romania | Muntiacus polonicus (39627) | |
| MN 14 | Ukraine | Muntiacus pliocaenicus (50908) | |
| Villanyian | Slovakia | Muntiacus sp. (41027) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Hunan) | Muntiacus sp. (36819) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Guangxi) | Muntiacus sp. (230325) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) | Muntiacus lacustris (214689) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus sp. (78193) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Indonesia | Muntiacus muntjak (93520 93522) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China (Anhui) | Muntiacus nanus (68380) | |
| Pleistocene | China (Jiangxi) | Muntiacus sp. (35923) | |
| Pleistocene | Taiwan (N/A) | Muntiacus sp., Muntiacus bohlini (208978) | |
| Pleistocene | China (Yunnan) | Muntiacus lacustris (36587) Muntiacus nanus (36583) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Vietnam (Lang Son) | Muntiacus muntjac (92781) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | China (Hubei) | Muntiacus sp. (234753) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | China (Guizhou) | Muntiacus sp. (51100) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | China (Guangdong) | Muntiacus muntjak (120834) Muntiacus sp. (40341) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Indonesia (Jawa Timur) | Muntiacus muntjak (93521) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Taiwan | Muntiacus sp. (223322) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Guangdong) | Muntiacus reevesi (13293) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Thailand | Muntiacus muntjak (176213 176214) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | China (Hubei) | Muntiacus muntjak, Muntiacus reevesi (92787) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Indonesia | Muntiacus muntjak (93524) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Sichuan) | Muntiacus muntiacus (34679) | |
| Holocene | Vietnam | Muntiacus muntjak (32904) | |
| Holocene | Indonesia (Java) | Muntiacus muntjak (13738) |