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Odocoileus
Taxonomy
Odocoileus was named by Rafinesque (1832). It is extant.
It was assigned to Odocoileini by Hershkovitz (1982); to Odocoileini by Grubb (2000), Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Odocoileinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Cervidae by Rafinesque (1832), Schultz and Howard (1935), Wilson (1967), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Webb (1998), Cisneros (2005), Eshelman et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Odocoileini by Hershkovitz (1982); to Odocoileini by Grubb (2000), Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Odocoileinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Cervidae by Rafinesque (1832), Schultz and Howard (1935), Wilson (1967), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Webb (1998), Cisneros (2005), Eshelman et al. (2025).
Species
Cariacus brachyceros, Cariacus laevicornis, O. brachydontus, O. brachyodontus, O. cascensis, O. cooki, O. dolichopsis, O. hemionus (syn. O. columbianus, Cariacus ensifer), O. laevicornis, O. lucasi, O. peruvianus, O. rothschildi, O. salinae, O. sellardsiae, O. sheridanus, O. virginianus, Paleoodocoileus gracilis, Paleoodocoileus salinae
Species lacking formal opinion data
Entered
by J. Alroy on 2003-01-23; modified by J. Alroy on 2013-04-30
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1832 | Odocoileus Rafinesque |
| 1842 | Cariacus Lesson |
| 1894 | Cariacus Lydekker p. 79 |
| 1931 | Paleoodocoileus Spillmann |
| 1931 | Protomazama Spillmann |
| 1935 | Odocoileus Schultz and Howard p. 286 |
| 1937 | Odocoileus cascensis Frick |
| 1937 | Odocoileus cooki Frick |
| 1937 | Odocoileus sheridanus Frick p. 200 figs. 19A, 20 |
| 1937 | Odocoileus cascensis Frick p. 201 fig. 20 |
| 1937 | Odocoileus cooki Frick p. 202 fig. 20 |
| 1953 | Odocoileus brachyodontus Oelrich |
| 1953 | Odocoileus brachydontus Oelrich pp. 376-377 fig. 1 |
| 1953 | Odocoileus brachyodontus Oelrich p. 376 |
| 1967 | Odocoileus Wilson p. 218 |
| 1980 | Odocoileus Kurten and Anderson p. 310 |
| 1980 | Odocoileus brachydontus Kurten and Anderson p. 310 |
| 1982 | Odocoileus Hershkovitz p. 8 |
| 1988 | Odocoileus Carroll |
| 1989 | Odocoileus Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
| 1998 | Odocoileus Webb p. 509 |
| 2000 | Odocoileus Grubb p. 302 |
| 2003 | Odocoileus Hassanin and Douzery p. 212 |
| 2005 | Odocoileus Cisneros p. 249 |
| 2008 | Odocoileus Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 978 figs. Fig. 5 |
| 2025 | Odocoileus Eshelman et al. p. 154 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Odocoileus Rafinesque 1832
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†Odocoileus dolichopsis Cope 1878
Odocoileus hemionus Rafinesque 1817 [mule deer]
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Invalid names: Cariacus ensifer Cope 1889 [synonym], Odocoileus columbianus Merriam 1898 [synonym]
†Odocoileus laevicornis Cope 1896
†Odocoileus lucasi Hay 1927
†Odocoileus peruvianus Gray 1874
Odocoileus rothschildi Thomas 1902
Odocoileus rothschildi chiriquensis Allen 1910
†Odocoileus salinae Frick 1937
†Odocoileus sellardsiae Hay 1917
Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann 1780 [white-tailed deer]
†Odocoileus virginianus aplodon Slaughter and Crook 1962
Invalid names: Cariacus Lesson 1842 [synonym], Odocoileus brachydontus Oelrich 1953 [nomen dubium], Odocoileus brachyodontus Oelrich 1953 [nomen dubium], Odocoileus cascensis Frick 1937 [nomen nudum], Odocoileus cooki Frick 1937 [nomen nudum], Odocoileus sheridanus Frick 1937 [nomen nudum], Paleoodocoileus Spillmann 1931 [synonym], Protomazama Spillmann 1931 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean |
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 3.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.58 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.58 Ma
Collections (299 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blancan | USA (Arizona) | O. sp. (19638 19645 19654) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Chihuahua) | O. sp. (20074) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | O. sp. (19764) O. virginianus (19752 19753 19754 113275) | |
| Blancan | USA (Nevada) | O. sp. (20006 20009) | |
| Blancan | USA (Washington) | Cervidae indet. (20062) | |
| Blancan | USA (Idaho) | Cervus lucasi (19912) Cervus sp. (19911 19913 19921) O. lucasi (19767) | |
| Blancan | Mexico (Sonora) | O. sp. (20322) | |
| Blancan | USA (California) | O. sp. (19668 19714 20119 20120 20121 20122) | |
| Blancan | USA (New Mexico) | O. brachyodontus (19982) O. sp. (19973) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | O. brachyodontus (19931 19936) | |
| Blancan | USA (Texas) | O. brachyodontus (20031) O. sp. (20033 20038 20047 20049 20052) | |
| Blancan - Irvingtonian | El Salvador | O. virginianus (70118) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Mexico (Sonora) | O. virginianus (231945) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Idaho) | Cervus lucasi (227943) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | O. virginianus (19758 20384) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | O. virginianus (19750 98313) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Washington) | O. sp., O. hemionus (235058) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | O. virginianus (227368) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | O. virginianus (65405) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | O. virginianus (104673) | |