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Rangifer (reindeer)

Osteichthyes - Cervidae

Taxonomy
Rangifer was named by Hamilton-Smith (1827). It is extant.

It was assigned to Cervinae by Hay (1902); to Rangiferini by Grubb (2000), Hassanin and Douzery (2003); to Odocoileinae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Webb (1992), Agnarsson and May-Collado (2008); and to Cervidae by Hamilton-Smith (1827), Schultz and Howard (1935), Wilson (1967), Carroll (1988), Shoshani et al. (1989), Albright et al. (2019).

Species
R. arcticus, R. tarandus (syn. R. muscatinensis)
Species lacking formal opinion data
R. tarandus
Entered
by J. Alroy on 2003-01-23; modified by M. Uhen on 2019-12-09

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1827Rangifer Hamilton-Smith
1902Rangifer Hay p. 686
1935Rangifer Schultz and Howard p. 287
1967Rangifer Wilson p. 219
1980Rangifer Kurten and Anderson p. 310
1988Rangifer Carroll
1989Rangifer Shoshani et al. p. 436
1992Rangifer Webb p. 409
2000Rangifer Grubb p. 302
2003Rangifer Hassanin and Douzery p. 212
2008Rangifer Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 978 figs. Fig. 5
2019Rangifer Albright et al. p. 188

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
suborderRuminantiaScopoli 1777
—Pecora()
superfamilyCervoidea
familyCervidae
subfamilyCapreolinaeBrookes 1828
tribeRangiferini
genusRangiferHamilton-Smith 1827

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Rangifer Hamilton-Smith 1827 [reindeer]
show all | hide all
Rangifer arcticus Richardson 1829
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Rangifer arcticus montanus Seton-Thompson 1899
Invalid names: Rangifer arcticus mcguirei Figgins 1919 [synonym]
Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus 1758 [reindeer]
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Rangifer tarandus caboti Allen 1914 [Labrador caribou]
Rangifer tarandus caribou Gmelin 1788 [North American woodland caribou]
†Rangifer tarandus dawsoni Seton-Thompson 1899 [Dawson caribou]
Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnberg 1909 [European forest reindeer]
Rangifer tarandus granti Allen 1902 [Alaska caribou]
Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus Gmelin 1788 [Canadian barren-ground caribou]
Rangifer tarandus osborni Allen 1902 [Mountain caribou]
Rangifer tarandus pearyi Allen 1908 [Peary caribou]
Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik 1829 [Svalbard reindeer]
Rangifer tarandus sibiricus von Schreber 1784 [Siberian tundra reindeer]
Rangifer tarandus valentinae Flerov 1933 [Siberian forest reindeer]
Invalid names: Rangifer muscatinensis Leidy 1879 [synonym]
Rangifer tarandus terranovae Allen 1896 [Newfoundland caribou]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerf
Diet 2: browserf
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2005-06-08 10:11:09
Modified: 2005-09-22 12:03:17
Source: f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1999, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Holocene or 2.58000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 1.8 Ma

Collections (138 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Messinian - Early/Lower Pleistocene7.246 - 0.774Netherlands Rangifer tarandus (189573)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Washington) Rangifer sp. (20062)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8Greenland Rangifer tarandus (227054)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Netherlands Rangifer tarandus (189574)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Germany (Thüringen) Rangifer tarandus (45067 45069 45072)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Canada (Yukon) Rangifer sp. (74472)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.58 - 0.774Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Rangifer sp. (48580)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Germany (Thuringia) Rangifer tarandus (22728)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Rangifer sp. (198005)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Wales) Rangifer tarandus (34940)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Belgium Rangifer tarandus (34127)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (New Jersey) Rangifer sp. (65469)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Germany (North Rhine) Rangifer sp. (34536)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Canada (British Columbia) Rangifer sp. (108794)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Rangifer caribou (174511) Rangifer tarandus (190079)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Alaska) Rangifer sp. (20277 20297 20346 20393)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21Canada (Yukon) Rangifer tarandus (20434)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Iowa) Rangifer sp. (20556)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Rangifer tarandus (48581)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (South Carolina) Rangifer tarandus (80233)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Niedersachsen) Rangifer tarandus (50247)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Rangifer tarandus (50257)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Romania Rangifer sp. (40262)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Rangifer tarandus (43017)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117France (Poitou-Charentes) Rangifer tarandus (43617 43618)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (South Carolina) Rangifer tarandus (207001)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Rangifer sp. (63403 198003 198004 200642 200643)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Montana) Rangifer tarandus (162130)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alaska) Rangifer tarandus (93339 93555)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Rangifer tarandus (48587 48592)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Hungary (Barany) Rangifer sp. (197461)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Netherlands Rangifer tarandus (82530 109703)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Monaco Rangifer tarandus (191719)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117France (Poitou-Charentes) Rangifer tarandus (43628 43629 43631 43632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117France Rangifer tarandus (43630)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Rangifer tarandus (84181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Nunavut) Rangifer tarandus (73701)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Rangifer tarandus (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Rangifer tarandus (103358 104666 104676)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Rangifer tarandus (84189)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Yukon) Rangifer tarandus (20626)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Yukon) Rangifer tarandus (73691)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Ohio) Rangifer tarandus (93334)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Illinois) Rangifer muscatinensis (93486)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Washington) Rangifer sp. (93677)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Rangifer tarandus (93332)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Norway Rangifer tarandus (73689 227340 227463)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom Rangifer tarandus (93837)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Rangifer sp., Rangifer tarandus (20615)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Northwest Territories) Rangifer tarandus (73726)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greenland Rangifer tarandus (162544 227031)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation (Yakutia) Rangifer sp. (13471)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0North Atlantic Cervus tarandus (102954)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Wisconsin) Rangifer tarandus (190060)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Rangifer tarandus (104044)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Michigan) Rangifer sp. (200644) Rangifer tarandus (63402)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Maine) Rangifer caribou (176524)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Nunavut) Rangifer tarandus (73723 160848 228756 228757 228765 228895 228896 228897 228898 228899 228919 228920 228927 228928 229484 229489 229645 229646)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Alaska) Rangifer tarandus (92955 93337 220460)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Yukon) Rangifer tarandus (228443)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Manitoba) Rangifer tarandus (229538)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland Rangifer tarandus (162014 162115 162545 162551 162552 162555 162560 162570 226353 227758 227817 227828 229885 229938 229939 229940 229941 229942 229943 230120)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Rangifer tarandus (224189 228766 228861)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Greenland (Qeqertasussuk) Rangifer tarandus (187755)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Newfoundland) Rangifer tarandus (228844 228845)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Rangifer tarandus (73725 228444 228492 228921 228924)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Massachusetts) Rangifer caribou (176525)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Rangifer tarandus (175940 175941 175942)