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Hippidion

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1869Hippidion Owen
1881Hippidium Cope p. 400
1888Onohippidion Filhol
1891Onohippidium Moreno
1894Hippidium Lydekker p. 74
1894Onohippidium Lydekker p. 77
1902Hippidion Hay p. 618
1904Parahipparion Ameghino
1907Hippidion Gidley p. 867
1913Hippidion Scott p. 290
1926Parahipparion Oliver Schneider p. 149
1934Onohippidion Rusconi p. 27
1979Onohippidium MacFadden and Skinner p. 3
1988Hippidion Carroll
1988Onohippidium Carroll
1989Hippidion Prothero and Schoch p. 532
1989Onohippidium Prothero and Schoch p. 532
1995Hippidion Kelly p. 25
1995Onohippidium Kelly p. 25
1996Hippidion Prado and Alberdi p. 676
1997Onohippidium MacFadden
1998Onohippidium Kelly
1998Hippidion MacFadden p. 551
1998Onohippidium MacFadden p. 552

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeEquini
genusHippidionOwen 1869

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hippidion Owen 1869
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†Hippidion angulatus Ameghino 1889
†Hippidion devillei Gervais 1855
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Invalid names: Onohippidium bolivianum Philippi 1893 [synonym]
†Hippidion principale Lund 1846
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Invalid names: Onohippidium munizi Moreno 1891 [synonym]
†Hippidion saldiasi Roth 1899
Subg. †Hippidium (Plagiohippus) Ameghino 1908
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†Plagiohippus chapalmalensis Ameghino 1908
†Hippidium bonaerense Ameghino 1907
†Hippidium entrerianum Ameghino 1886
†Hippidium principale Lund 1846
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Invalid names: Hippidion compressidens Ameghino 1889 [synonym]
Invalid names: Onohippidium Moreno 1891 [synonym], Parahipparion Ameghino 1904 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
B. J. MacFadden and M. F. Skinner 1979 (Onohippidium)Horse with nasal notch that lies as far anterior as P3-P4 and as far posterior as the orbit. Nasal bones not re- tracted and remain elongate splints. Well- developed dorsal lacrimal fossa and no ven- tral malar fossa. Incisors with cement-filled cups (infidibula). Protocone oval to rounded with weak preprotoconal groove and well- developed postprotoconal valley. Lower cheek teeth with either shallow ectoflexids (externomedial valleys) and isthmuses in the permanent premolars or deep ectoflexids in the deciduous premolars and molars. Very simple enamel plications. Monodacty! metapodials.
Measurements
partNmean
Upper M1? height153.0

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazersubf
Diet 2: browsersubf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 14:56:53
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:56:53
Source: subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, MacFadden 1998, Carroll 1988, Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 5.33300 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (94 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Texas) H. sp. (18308)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Chile Hippidium nannum (73842)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (California) H. sp. (20099 20120)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Argentina (Buenos Aires) H. devillei (199160) H. sp. (199157) Onohippidion sp. (53926)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Argentina (Jujuy) H. devillei (141896)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781Venezuela (Monagas) H. sp. (144977)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Bolivia Onohippidium devillei (142016)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Bolivia (Tarija ) H. bonaerensis, H. principale, Onohippidium devillei (70673)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Argentina (Buenos Aires) Onohippidium sp., Hippidium chapalmalensis (71304)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Bolivia (Oruro) Onohippidium bolivianum (63761)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Argentina (Buenos Aires) H. sp. (232454 232456)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Peru (Huanuco) Parahipparion sp. (145576)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Peru (Cajamarca) Onohippidion peruanum (145508)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Brazil (Ceara) H. principale (236300) H. sp. (71301 71302)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) H. sp. (28513)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Argentina H. devillei (216677)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Brazil (Sao Paulo) H. sp. (147609)
Ensenadan1.75 - 0.4Argentina (Buenos Aires) H. sp. (212780 213446)
Ensenadan1.75 - 0.4Bolivia H. sp. (71322)
Ensenadan1.75 - 0.4Argentina H. sp. (213464)
Ensenadan1.75 - 0.4Argentina (Jujuy) H. devillei (141898)
Ensenadan - Lujanian1.75 - 0.012Argentina (Corrientes) H. sp. (71288)
Lujanian0.781 - 0.012Uruguay H. principale (71325) H. sp. (71274 212684)
Lujanian (interglacial)0.781 - 0.012Uruguay (Salto) H. principale (140159)
Lujanian0.781 - 0.012Peru (Puno) H. devillei (145248)
Lujanian0.781 - 0.012Argentina (Buenos Aires) H. sp. (198875)
Lujanian0.781 - 0.012Argentina (Entre Ríos) H. principale (203955 203958)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Bolivia (Chuquisaca) H. sp. (70704)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Argentina (Buenos Aires) H. principale (63335)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Brazil (Bahia) H. sp. (71295)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Uruguay (Montevideo) H. sp. (120884)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Tierra del Fuego ) H. sp. (213009)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Tucuman) H. sp. (216684)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Jujuy) H. sp. (71271 140809 140909)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Chile (Magallanes) H. sp. (141367)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Buenos Aires) H. principale (189517) H. sp. (71316)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Venezuela (Falcon) H. sp. (71284)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Santa Cruz) H. sp., H. saldiasi (71336)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Uruguay (Montevideo) H. sp. (211645)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) H. sp. (137179 137180)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Santa Fe) H. principale (212848)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (Última Esperanza) H. sp. (213007 213008)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Alagoas) H. sp. (230760)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (Calama) H. saldiasi (144707)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina H. sp. (213470) H. sp., H. principale (213489)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Piaui) H. bonaerensis (71332 71334) H. bonaerensis, H. sp. (71335)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Santa Cruz) Hippidium saldiasi (73844)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (Pali Aike) H. sp. (213010)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile H. saldiasi (225564 225565 225570 225571) H. sp. (71342 71344 213217 225566 225567) H. sp., Parahipparion saldiasi (71341)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Uruguay H. sp. (211646)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (O'Higgins) H. sp. (71280)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Chubut) H. sp. (71337 71338 71339)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Piauí) H. sp. (211632)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Peru Onohippidium devillei (212475)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) H. principale (147598) H. sp. (148417)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (Tarapacá) H. saldiasi (225563)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Bahia) H. principale (136498)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Chile H. sp. (71340)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) H. sp. (148309)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Argentina (Buenos Aires) H. sp. (191127)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Brazil (Bahia) H. principale (212472)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Chile (Ultima Esperanza) Onohippidium sp. (151088 213111)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Argentina H. sp. (71343)