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Hippotherium

Osteichthyes - Perissodactyla - Equidae

Taxonomy
Hippotherium was named by Kaup (1832) [named as a subgenus of Equus; type European E. gracilis; date also said to be 1833]. It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Hipparion by Hay (1902), Osborn (1918), MacFadden (1998), Pesquero et al. (2006).

It was assigned to Perissodactyla by Owen (1848); to Solipedia by Leidy (1860); to Palaeotheriinae by Cope (1881); to Hippotheriinae by Cope (1889); to Hippotheriini by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Hipparionini by Alroy (2002), Alroy (2008); and to Equidae by Kaup (1833), Böhme et al. (2017).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1832Hippotherium Kaup
1833Hippotherium Kaup
1848Hippotherium Owen p. 139
1860Hippotherium Leidy p. 105
1881Hippotherium Cope p. 399
1889Hippotherium Cope p. 429
1989Hippotherium Prothero and Schoch p. 532
2002Hippotherium Alroy
2008Hippotherium Alroy
2017Hippotherium Böhme et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
classOsteichthyes
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
superfamilyEquoidea
familyEquidae
subfamilyEquinae
tribeHipparionini
genusHippotheriumKaup 1832

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Hippotherium Kaup 1832
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†Hippotherium primigenium von Meyer 1829
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingsubf
Diet: grazersubf
Diet 2: browsersubf
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2005-08-31 14:56:53
Modified: 2005-08-31 16:56:53
Source: subf = subfamily, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1991, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, MacFadden 1998

Age range: base of the Langhian to the top of the Piacenzian or 15.98000 to 2.58000 Ma

Collections (140 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Maryland) Cormohipparion sp. (18593)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Georgia) Cormohipparion sp. (18592)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Mexico (Chiapas) Cormohipparion sp. (18726)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Nevada) H. sp. (18857)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Florida) H. sp. (18507)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (South Dakota) Neohipparion occidentale (18388 18389 18390 18392)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Mexico (Oaxaca) Cormohipparion sp. (18727)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Texas) Cormohipparion occidentale (18103) Neohipparion occidentale (18606 18678 18687 18689)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (Oregon) Hipparion anthonyi (18930)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333India (Madhya Pradesh) Equus primigenius (232179)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333USA (California) Hipparion mohavense (19147) H. sp. (19293)
Miocene23.04 - 5.333Pakistan Equus primigenius (232178)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (New Mexico) H. sp. (19435)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Cormohipparion sp. (18123) Cormohipparion sphenodus (18443)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Neohipparion occidentale (18629)
Barstovian - Clarendonian16.3 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) H. sp. (18077)
Langhian15.98 - 13.82USA (Florida) Cormohipparion occidentale (18569)
Middle Miocene - Late/Upper Miocene15.98 - 5.333Spain (Catalonia) H. primigenium (199537)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.63Moldova (Chișinău) H. sarmaticum (210536) H. sp. (210590)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Ethiopia Hipparion primigenium (22157)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Hipparion primigenium (35277 35279 35280)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246France (Maine-et-Loire) Hipparion primigenium (54136)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Romania (Vaslui) H. sp. (197472)
Sarmatian12.8 - 11.63Türkiye Hipparion primigenium (56563)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Cormohipparion occidentale (18104 18179 18623) Cormohipparion sp. (18096) H. sp. (18244 18355) Neohipparion occidentale (18610) Neohipparion sp. (18611 18640 18645)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oregon) Hipparion condoni (18816 18821 18822 18825 18830)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Kansas) Neohipparion occidentale (18449)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Cormohipparion occidentale (18171 18222) Cormohipparion sp. (18257 18260) Hipparion occidentale (18299) H. sp. (18095 18214 18217 18496) Neohipparion occidentale (18060 18108 18156 18221 18226 18233 18251 18294)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Oklahoma) Cormohipparion occidentale (18130 18463)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (South Dakota) Cormohipparion occidentale (18200) Hipparion occidentale (18428) Neohipparion occidentale (18406 18475 18476 18478 18482 18485 18486 18490)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nevada) Neohipparion occidentale (18835 18888)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (California) Hipparion mohavense (19190 19454 19515 19539)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Neohipparion occidentale (18066)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.7USA (Nebraska) Cormohipparion occidentale (18065 18236 18295) Cormohipparion sp. (18134) Neohipparion occidentale (18023)
Clarendonian - Hemphillian12.5 - 4.7USA (Oklahoma) Cormohipparion occidentale (70119)
Vallesian11.63 - 8.725Spain (Segovia) Hipparion primigenium (40768)
Vallesian11.63 - 8.725Spain (Catalonia) H. catalaunicum (193491 193495)
Vallesian11.63 - 8.725Iraq Hipparion primigenium (41735)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (Florida) Cormohipparion sphenodus (18509)
Tortonian11.63 - 7.246USA (California) Cormohipparion sp. (19302)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Morocco H. primigenium (210194)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Bulgaria (Blagoevgrad) H. brachypus (197445)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333South Africa Hipparion primigenium (22219)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Algeria Hipparion primigenium (34642 34643)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Greece (Attiki) H. brachypus (195555)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333Greece (Attica) H. brachypus (202630 202631)
Late/Upper Miocene11.63 - 5.333El Salvador Cormohipparion occidentale (18720)
Tortonian - Messinian11.63 - 5.333Kenya H. primigenium (22241)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22236)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.63 - 3.6Ethiopia Hipparion primigenium (22158)
MN 911.1 - 9.67Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén) H. intrans, H. sp. (75481)
MN 911.1 - 9.67Slovakia H. primigenium (69718)
MN 109.67 - 8.725Türkiye (Thrace) H. primigenium (67661 67662)
MN 109.67 - 8.725Slovakia H. primigenium (69717)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Oregon) H. sp. (19015)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Oklahoma) Cormohipparion occidentale (18034)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Kansas) Cormohipparion occidentale (18237 18263 18415)
Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Texas) Cormohipparion occidentale (18073 18097 18198 18211)
Late/Upper Hemphillian9.4 - 4.7USA (Florida) Cormohipparion ingenuum (18553)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Bulgaria H. brachypus (208566 208567 208568 208569)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Greece (Makedonia Thraki) H. brachypus (157582)
Turolian8.725 - 5.09Türkiye H. brachypus (151910)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Italy (Ravenna) H. malpassii (144566)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58Kenya (Turkana District) Hipparion primigenium (21332)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.58Kenya H. primigenium (22237)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22234)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Hipparion primigenium (21336)
Zanclean - Pliocene5.333 - 2.58Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22282)
Piacenzian - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Kenya Hipparion primigenium (22238)