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Diceros (black rhino)

Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Rhinocerotidae

Taxonomy
Diceros was named by Gray (1821). It is extant.

It was assigned to Dicerotini by Loose (1975); to Rhinocerotidae by Carroll (1988); to Dicerotina by Prothero and Schoch (1989); to Rhinocerotina by Antoine et al. (2010); and to Rhinocerotini by Deng et al. (2011).

Species
D. bicornis
Species lacking formal opinion data
D. neumayri, D. primaevus

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Diceros Gray
1975Diceros Loose
1988Diceros Carroll
1989Diceros Prothero and Schoch p. 536
2010Diceros Antoine et al.
2011Diceros Deng et al. p. 1287

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Panperissodactyla
superorderPerissodactylamorpha
orderPerissodactyla()
—Tapiromorpha(Haeckel 1873)
—Ceratomorpha(Wood 1937)
superfamilyRhinocerotoidea
familyRhinocerotidae
subfamilyRhinocerotinae
tribeRhinocerotini
genusDicerosGray 1821

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Diceros Gray 1821 [black rhino]
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Diceros bicornis Linnaeus 1758 [black rhinoceros]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingg
Diet: browserg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: life habit and diet based on Nowak 1999g
Created: 2005-08-31 15:10:32
Modified: 2005-08-31 17:10:32
Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Tortonian to the top of the Holocene or 11.62000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.608 Ma

Collections (95 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa Diceros bicornis (22224 22229)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588Uganda Diceros bicornis (22366 22379 22384 22399 22406 22428)
Miocene - Pleistocene23.03 - 0.0117South Africa Diceros sp. (22230)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Namibia Dicerorhinus sp. (21855)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Tunisia Diceros douariensis (65170)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Kenya Diceros sp. (219711)
Tortonian - Zanclean11.62 - 3.6Ethiopia Diceros bicornis (22158) Diceros sp. (22139)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey Diceros primaevus, Diceros neumayri (56563)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Tunisia Diceros douariensis (35274)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Chad Diceros sp. (24181)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Uganda Diceros bicornis (22376 22377)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Greece (Samos) Diceros neumayri (43007)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Turkey Diceros neumayri (151910)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Diceros bicornis (22242)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) Diceros bicornis (59167 115166)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Ethiopia Diceros bicornis (21737)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Malawi (Northern) Diceros sp. (226065)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) Diceros bicornis (32050)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ethiopia Diceros bicornis (21754 21755)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya Diceros bicornis (22235)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Malawi Diceros bicornis (22323)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Diceros bicornis (22207)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588South Africa Diceros bicornis (22340)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Ethiopia Diceros bicornis (21601 21608 21634 21783 21785 22038)
Piacenzian - Gelasian3.6 - 1.806Ethiopia (Afar) Diceros sp. (224657)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781Kenya (Rift Valley) Diceros bicornis (21288)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Uganda Diceros bicornis (22178)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Diceros bicornis (21504)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya (Rift Valley) Diceros bicornis (21282 21283 21353 21355)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Ethiopia Diceros bicornis (21542 21563 21564 21566 21567 21584 21595 21610 21618 21625 21643 21644 21659 21666 21986 21996)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Ethiopia Diceros bicornis (28993)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya Diceros bicornis (21370 21396 21402 21495 21515 21516)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) Diceros bicornis (22491)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Diceros bicornis (21695 21916 21953 21956 115205) Diceros sp. (21920)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa Diceros bicornis (21711 21948 21950 21951 21952)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya Diceros bicornis (32060)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Kenya (Rift Valley) Diceros bicornis (21348)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774Tanzania Diceros bicornis (21970 22041 22064)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Tanzania Diceros bicornis (21893)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Diceros bicornis (115167)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Diceros bicornis (115184) Diceros simus, Diceros bicornis (21709)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti Plains) Diceros bicornis (32113)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Kenya Diceros bicornis (21935)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Diceros bicornis (208787)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Diceros bicornis (21690)