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Phoenicopteriformes (flamingo)
Taxonomy
Phoenicopteriformes was named by Howard (1955) [modified from Phoenicopteri]. It is extant.
It was reranked as the unranked clade Phoenicopteriformes by Mayr (2005); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Ciconioidea by Livezey and Zusi (2007).
It was assigned to Neognathae by Mayr (2005); to Mirandornithes by Sangster (2005); to Aves by Howard (1972), del Hoyo et al. (2014); to Neornithes by Clements et al. (2017); and to Neoaves by Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
It was reranked as the unranked clade Phoenicopteriformes by Mayr (2005); it was considered an invalid subgroup of Ciconioidea by Livezey and Zusi (2007).
It was assigned to Neognathae by Mayr (2005); to Mirandornithes by Sangster (2005); to Aves by Howard (1972), del Hoyo et al. (2014); to Neornithes by Clements et al. (2017); and to Neoaves by Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1955 | Phoenicopteriformes Howard p. 22 |
| 1972 | Phoenicopteriformes Howard p. 8 |
| 2005 | Phoenicopteriformes Mayr p. 318 |
| 2005 | Phoenicopteriformes Sangster p. 613 |
| 2014 | Phoenicopteriformes del Hoyo et al. |
| 2017 | Phoenicopteriformes Clements et al. |
| 2020 | Phoenicopteriformes Worthy and Nguyen p. 81 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Phoenicopteriformes Howard 1955 [flamingo]
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G. †Adelalopus Mayr and Smith 2002
G. †Agnopterus Milne-Edwards 1868
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†Agnopterus gallicus Milne-Edwards 1891
Agnopterus hantoniensis Lydekker 1891
†Agnopterus laurillardi Milne-Edwards 1869
†Agnopterus turgaiensis Turgarinov 1940
Fm. †Palaelodidae Stejneger 1885 [swimming flamingo]
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G. †Megapaloelodus Miller 1944
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†Megapaloelodus connectens Miller 1944
†Megapaloelodus opsigonus Brodkorb 1961 [flamingo]
†Megapaloelodus peiranoi Agnolín 2009
G. †Palaelodus Milne-Edwards 1863
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†Palaelodus ambiguus Milne-Edwards 1871
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Invalid names: Grus miocenicus Grigorescu and Kessler 1977 [synonym], Grus problematica Milne-Edwardsq 1871 [synonym], Palaelodus minutus Milne-Edwards 1871 [synonym]
†Palaelodus aotearoa Worthy et al. 2010
†Palaelodus crassipes Milne-Edwards 1871
†Palaelodus goliath Milne-Edwards 1871
†Palaelodus gracilipes Milne-Edwards 1863
†Palaelodus pledgei Baird and Vickers-Rich 1998
†Palaelodus steinheimensis Fraas 1870
†Palaelodus wilsoni Baird and Vickers-Rocj 1998
Invalid names: Probalearica Lambrecht 1933 [synonym]
Fm. Phoenicopteridae Bonaparte 1838 [flamingo]
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G. †Elornis Aymard 1856
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†Elornis grandis Milne-Edwards 1870
†Elornis littoralis Milne-Edwards 1868
G. Phoenicoparrus Bonaparte 1856
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Phoenicoparrus andinus Philippi 1854 [Andean flamingo]
Phoenicoparrus jamesi Sclater 1886 [Puna flamingo]
Phoenicoparrus minor Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1798 [Lesser flamingo]
G. Phoenicopterus Linnaeus 1758
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Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina 1782 [Chilean flamingo]
†Phoenicopterus copei Shufeldt 1891
†Phoenicopterus croizeti Gervais 1852
†Phoenicopterus floridanus Brodkorb 1953 [flamingo]
†Phoenicopterus minutus Howard 1955
†Phoenicopterus novaehollandiae Miller 1963
Phoenicopterus roseus Pallas 1811 [greater flamingo]
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Invalid names: Phoenicopterus antiquorum Temminck 1815 [synonym]
Phoenicopterus ruber Linnaeus 1758 [American flamingo]
†Phoenicopterus stocki Miller 1944
Invalid names: Gervaisia Harrison and Walker 1976 [synonym], Harrisonavis Kašin 1978 [synonym]
G. †Xenorhynchopsis De Vis 1905
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†Xenorhynchopsis minor De Vis 1905
†Xenorhynchopsis tibialis De Vis 1905
Invalid names: Juncitarsidae Peters 1987 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Benton 1983, Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Holocene or 54.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.5 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.5 Ma
Collections (67 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bumbanian | Mongolia (Southern Mongolia) | Juncitarsidae large species, Juncitarsidae small species (37206) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Virginia) | Phoenicopteridae indet. (15595) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | Antarctica | Phoenicopteridae indet. (31173) | |
| Priabonian | France (Ile-de-France Region) | Agnopterus laurillardi (31739) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Belgium | Adelalopus hoogbutseliensis (31748) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France (Auvergne Region) | Elornis littoralis, Elornis grandis (31767) | |
| Rupelian | France (Allier) | Palaelodus ambiguus, Palaelodus crassipes, Palaelodus gracilipes (181646) | |
| Rupelian | Egypt (Fayum) | Palaelodus sp. (12954 12960) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Australia (South Australia) | Phoenicopteridae indet. (51412 51413) | |
| Aquitanian | France (Auvergne) | Phoenicopterus croizeti (125333) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Czechia | Palaelodus ambiguus (61442) Palaelodus ambiguus, Palaelodus crassipes, Palaelodus minutus, Palaelodus gracilipes, Harrisonavis croizeti (61441) Palaelodus sp., Palaelodus ambiguus, Palaelodus minutus, Palaelodus gracilipes, Harrisonavis croizeti (61440) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Germany | Megapaloelodus goliath (70332) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Thailand | Phoeniconaias sp. (48126) | |
| Altonian | New Zealand (South Island) | Palaelodus aotearoa (73690 153884) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (California) | Phoenicopteridae indet. (19194) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Probalearica crataegensis (18586) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (South Dakota) | Megapaloelodus connectens (17912) | |
| Barstovian | USA (California) | Megapaloelodus connectens (74792) | |
| Langhian | USA (California) | Megapaloelodus sp. (59059 197289) | |
| Serravallian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Phoenicopterus sp. (199484) | |
| Serravallian | Moldova (Chișinău) | Probalearica moldovica (210590) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Oregon) | Megapaloelodus opsigonus (18818) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | Phoenicopteridae indet. (18554) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Florida) | Phoenicopterus floridanus (122351) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Australia (Northern Territory) | Phoenicopteridae indet., Phoenicopterus novaehollandiae (13315) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Chihuahua) | Phoenicopterus stocki (18755) | |
| Huayquerian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Megapaloelodus sp., Palaelodus ambiguus (140471) Phoenicopteridae indet., Megapaloelodus sp. (55600) | |
| Messinian | Mexico (Baja California) | Megapaloelodus opsigonus (13090 45458) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Phoenicopterus floridanus (52582) | |
| Zanclean | Australia (Queensland) | Phoenicopterus ruber (182159) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | Phoenicopterus sp. (19753) | |
| Blancan | USA (California) | Phoenicopterus sp. (20540) | |
| Pleistocene | Egypt (Kom Ombo Plain) | Phoenicopterus antiquorum (22544) | |
| Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | Phoenicopterus ruber (192626) | |
| Pleistocene | Egypt | Phoenicopterus antiquorum (21888) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Phoenicopterus copei, Phoenicopterus ruber (20400) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa | Phoenicopterus roseus (198625) | |
| Lujanian | Argentina (Buenos Aires) | Phoenicopteridae indet. (202096) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Portugal | Phoenicopterus ruber (197768) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Phoenicopterus copei (93251 176222) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | Phoenicopterus sp. (192628) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Mexico) | Phoenicopterus copei (71320) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Phoeniconaias minor (22066) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Phoenicopterus copei (192602) Phoenicopterus minutus (192606 192607 192609) Phoenicopterus minutus, Phoenicopterus copei (20273) | |
| Holocene | Virgin Islands, U.S. | Phoenicopterus ruber (132605) | |
| Holocene | Madagascar | Phoenicopterus roseus (236022) Phoenicopterus ruber (195019) | |
| Holocene | Puerto Rico | Phoenicopterus ruber (194583) | |
| Holocene | Venezuela | Phoenicopterus ruber (197931 197932 197934) | |
| Holocene | Reunion | Phoenicopterus ruber (193996) | |
| Holocene | Mauritius | Phoenicopterus ruber (194169) Phoenicopterus sp. (194024) |