Basic info Taxonomic history Classification Included Taxa
Morphology Ecology and taphonomy External Literature Search Age range and collections

Thoracicalcarea

Thecostraca

Taxonomy
Thoracicalcarea was named by Gale (2016). It is extant.

It was reranked as the superorder Thoracicalcarea by Chan et al. (2021).

It was assigned to Scalpelliformes by Gale (2016); to Thoracica by Gale (2019); and to Thoracica by Chan et al. (2021).

Subtaxa
Archaeolepadomorpha, Calamida, Calanticomorpha, Pollicipomorpha, Scalpellomorpha, Sessilia, Unilatera
Sister taxa
Calamida, Sessilia, Unilatera

Synonymy list
YearName and author
2016Thoracicalcarea Gale p. 663
2019Thoracicalcarea Gale
2021Thoracicalcarea Chan et al.

Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data

RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Ecdysozoa
—Panarthropoda
phylumArthropodaLatreille 1829
—Deuteropoda
RankNameAuthor
—Mandibulata
—PancrustaceaZrzavý and Štys 1997
subphylumCrustaceaBrünnich 1772
classThecostraca(Gruvel 1905)
subclassCirripedia(Rafinesque 1816)
infraclassThoracica(Darwin 1854)
superorderThoracicalcarea()
superorderThoracicalcarea()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. Thoracicalcarea Gale 2016
show all | hide all
Or. †Archaeolepadomorpha Chan et al. 2021
hide
Fm. †Archaeolepadidae Gale 2019
+
G. †Archaeolepas Zittel 1885
+
†Archaeolepas royeri de Loriol 1872
G. †Loriolepas Gale 2016
+
†Loriolepas decora Harbort 1905
†Loriolepas planulatus Morris 1845
†Loriolepas suprajurensis de Loriol 1867
Fm. †Myolepadidae Gale 2015
+
G. †Bosquetlepas Gale 2015
+
†Bosquetlepas brydonei Withers 1935
†Bosquetlepas contigua Collins 1983
†Bosquetlepas darwiniana Bosquet 1854
†Bosquetlepas gracilis Roemer 1841
†Bosquetlepas subplena Collins 1983
†Bosquetlepas turonica Withers 1935
†Bosquetlepas valida Steenstrup 1839
†Bosquetlepas zeidleri Reuss 1864
G. †Myolepas Gale 2015
+
†Myolepas scanica Withers 1935
†Myolepas solida Zullo 1987
Fm. †Stramentidae Withers 1920
+
Subfm. †Loriculinae Gale 2016
+
G. †Blastolepas Drushchits and Zevina 1969
+
†Blastolepas orlovi Drushchits and Zevina 1969
G. †Loriculina Dames 1885
+
†Loriculina colombiana Royo and Gomez 1941
†Loriculina fosteri Buckeridge 1983
†Loriculina fragila Gale 2020
†Loriculina ifrimae Gale 2016
†Loriculina laevissima Zittel 1885
†Loriculina noetlingi Dames 1885
G. †Metaloriculina Gale 2016
+
Subfm. †Stramentinae Withers 1920
+
G. †Angulatergum Hauschke 1994
+
†Angulatergum moorei Hattin 1977
†Angulatergum robustum Gale 2020
†Angulatergum syriacum Dames 1878
†Angulatergum texanum Withers 1946
G. †Leweslepas Gale 2016
+
†Leweslepas acuminata Darwin 1851
†Leweslepas hattini Gale 2016
†Leweslepas hauschkei Gale 2016
†Leweslepas obsoleta Geinitz 1875
†Leweslepas wrightorum Gale 2016
G. †Parastramentum Gale 2016
+
†Parastramentum expansum Withers 1911
†Parastramentum peakei Gale 2016
G. †Stramentum Logan 1897
+
†Stramentum alekseevi Gale 2016
†Stramentum canadensis Whiteaves 1889
†Stramentum elegans Hattin 1977
†Stramentum haworthi Williston 1896
+
Invalid names: Stramentum tabulatum Logan 1897 [synonym]
†Stramentum inconstans Collins 1986
†Stramentum praecursor Gale 2016
†Stramentum pulchellum Sowerby 1843
+
Invalid names: Loricula darwini Woodward 1908 [synonym], Loricula gigas Fritsch 1878 [synonym], Loricula macadami Thomson 1858 [synonym]
Invalid names: Loricula Sowerby 1843 [replaced], Squama Logan 1897 [synonym], Stramentum (Stramentum) Logan 1897 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Stramentum saadensis Davadie and Emberger 1954 [nomen dubium]
Unr. Calamida Gale 2019
hide
Subor. Lepadomorpha Gruvel 1905
+
Fm. †Cyprilepadidae Newman and Zullo 1969
+
+
†Cyprilepas holmi Wills 1962
G. †Rhamphoverritor Briggs et al. 2005
+
†Rhamphoverritor reduncus Briggs et al. 2005
Or. Calanticomorpha Chan et al. 2021
hide
Fm. Calanticidae Zevina 1978
+
G. Aurivillialepas Newman 1980
G. Calantica Gray 1825
+
†Calantica villosus Leach 1824
G. Crosnieriella Jones 1998
G. Euscalpellum Hoek 1907
+
†Euscalpellum balcombicum Buckeridge 1983
†Euscalpellum carolinensis Zullo and Baum 1981
†Euscalpellum cliftonense Withers 1953
†Euscalpellum egmontense Buckeridge 1983
†Euscalpellum eocenense Meyer 1885
†Euscalpellum meridianum Chapman and Crespin 1928
†Euscalpellum wheeleri Zullo et al. 1992
G. Gruvelialepas Newman 1980
G. Smilium Leach 1825
+
†Smilium calanticoideum Buckeridge 1983
Smilium peronii Gray 1825
†Smilium subplanum Withers 1913
†Smilium tortachillense Buckeridge 1983
G. †Zeascalpellum Buckeridge 1983
+
†Zeascalpellum crassum Buckeridge 1983
Fm. †Cretiscalpellidae Buckeridge 1983
+
G. †Cretiscalpellum Withers 1922
+
†Cretiscalpellum glabrum Roemer 1841
†Cretiscalpellum harnedi Collins 1973
†Cretiscalpellum macrum Collins 1973
†Cretiscalpellum naidini Alekseev 2009
†Cretiscalpellum obtusum Jagt and Collins 1989
†Cretiscalpellum sharapovi Alekseev 2009
†Cretiscalpellum striatum Darwin 1851
†Cretiscalpellum unguis Sowerby 1836
†Cretiscalpellum vallum Collins 1973
†Cretiscalpellum venustum Collins 1973
G. †Jagtscalpellum Gale 2020
+
G. †Striascalpellum Gale 2020
G. †Witherscalpellum Gale 2020
G. †Pachyscalpellum Buckeridge 1991
+
†Pachyscalpellum cramptoni Buckeridge 1991
†Pachyscalpellum glauerti Withers 1926
+
Invalid names: Pollicipes aboriginalis Buckeridge 1983 [synonym]
Fm. †Titanolepadidae Gale 2015
+
G. †Ivoelepas Gale 2015
+
†Ivoelepas ambigua Babinot et al. 1979
†Ivoelepas broggi Pilsbry and Olsson 1951
†Ivoelepas ischnia Pilsbry and Olsson 1951
†Ivoelepas nielseni Gale 2015
†Ivoelepas rectibasis Pilsbry and Olsson 1951
†Ivoelepas withersi Pilsbry and Olsson 1951
†Ivolepas worthensis Gale 2020
G. †Levelepas Gale 2015
+
†Levelepas roeperi Gale 2015
†Levelepas subtuberculata Withers 1935
G. †Titanolepas Withers 1913
+
†Titanolepas martini Withers 1935
†Titanolepas spinifer Gale 2015
†Titanolepas tuberculata Darwin 1851
Or. Pollicipomorpha Chan et al. 2021
hide
Fm. Pollicipedidae Gruvel 1905
+
G. Capitulum Gray 1825
+
†Capitulum caelatum Withers 1935
†Capitulum lailae Gipp 1927
G. Pollicipes Leach 1817
+
†Pollicipes filosus Withers 1911
†Pollicipes nitidum Collins 1974
†Pollicipes striatum Gale 2015
†Pollicipes vansyoci Gale 2015
Fm. †Zeugmatolepadidae Newman 2004
+
Subfm. †Martillepadinae Gale 2014
+
G. †Concinnalepas Gale 2014
G. †Etcheslepas Gale 2014
+
†Etcheslepas borealis Collins 1990
G. †Icenilepas Gale 2014
G. †Litholepas Nagler et al. 2017
G. †Martillepas Gale 2014
+
†Martillepas auriculum Gale 2019
†Martillepas decoratus Gale 2019
†Martillepas hausmanni Koch and Dunker 1837
G. †Subsecolepas Gale 2020
Subfm. †Zeugmatolepadinae Newman 1996
+
G. †Aporolepas Withers 1953
+
†Aporolepas howei Cheetham 1963
+
Invalid names: Euscalpellum isneyensis Weisbord 1977 [synonym]
G. †Tetrinus Hurt 1992
G. †Texaslepas Gale 2020
+
G. †Zeugmatolepas Withers 1913
+
†Zeugmatolepas australis Withers 1935
†Zeugmatolepas cretae Steenstrup 1839
+
Invalid names: Stramentum biplicatum Jagt and Collins 1989 [synonym]
†Zeugmatolepas georgiensis Withers 1947
†Zeugmatolepas mockleri Withers 1913
Invalid names: Lithotryidae Gruvel 1905 [empty]
Or. Scalpellomorpha Newman 1987
hide
Superfm. Lepadoidea Darwin 1852
+
Fm. Heteralepadidae Nilsson-Cantrell 1921
+
G. Heteralepas Pilsbry 1907
G. Paralepas Pilsbry 1907
Fm. Lepadidae Darwin 1851
+
G. Lepas Linnaeus 1758
+
Subg. Lepas (Anatifa) Bruguière 1789
Subg. Lepas (Lepas) Linnaeus 1758
Lepas anatifera Linnaeus 1758
†Lepas sattmanni Harzhauser and Schloegl 2012
G. †Pristinolepas Buckeridge 1983
+
Fm. Poecilasmatidae Annandale 1909
+
G. †Archoxynaspis Van Syoc and Dekelboum 2011
G. Glyptelasma Pilsbry 1907
G. Megalasma Hoek 1883
G. Microlepas Hoek 1907
G. Octolasmis Gray 1825
G. Oxynaspis Darwin 1852
G. Poecilasma Darwin 1851
+
†Poecilasma miocaenica Reuss 1864
G. Temnaspis Fischer 1884
Invalid names: Microlepadidae Zevina 1980 [synonym], Oxynaspididae Gruvel 1905 [synonym]
Superfm. Neolepadoidea Yamaguchi et al. 2004
+
Fm. Neolepadidae Yamaguchi et al. 2004
+
G. Ashinkailepas Yamamoto et al. 2004
G. Neolepas Newman
G. †Stipilepas Carriol 2016
Superfm. Scalpelloidea Pilsbry 1907
+
Fm. †Proverrucidae Newman 1989
+
+
†Proverruca dentifer Gale 2014
Fm. Scalpellidae Pilsbry 1907
+
Subfm. Amigdoscalpellinae Gale 2016
+
G. Amigdoscalpellum Zevina 1978
G. Catherinum Zevina 1978
G. Anguloscalpellum Zevina 1978
Subfm. Meroscalpellinae Zevina 1978
+
G. Alcockianum Zevina 1978
G. Annandaleum Newman and Ross 1978
G. Gymnoscalpellum Newman and Ross 1971
G. Litoscalpellum Newman and Ross 1971
G. Neoscalpellum Pilsbry 1907
G. Pilsbryiscalpellum Zevina 1978
G. Planoscalpellum Zevina 1978
Subfm. Scalpellinae Pilsbry 1907
+
G. Arcoscalpellum Hoek 1907
G. †Arcuatoscalpellum Gale 2016
G. Diotascalpellum Gale 2016
G. Graviscalpellum Foster 1980
G. †Jaegerscalpellum Gale 2019
G. Regioscalpellum Gale 2016
G. Scalpellum Leach 1818
Invalid names: Arcoscalpellinae Zevina 1978 [synonym]
G. Trianguloscalpellum Zevina 1978
Subfm. †Virgiscalpellinae Gale 2020
+
G. †Collinslepas Gale 2020
G. †Virgilepas Gale 2020
Unr. Sessilia Lamarck 1818
hide
Or. Balanomorpha Pilsbry 1916
+
Superfm. Balanoidea Leach 1817
+
Fm. Balanidae Leach 1817
+
Subfm. Acastinae Kolbasov 1993
Subfm. Amphibalaninae Pitombo 2004
Subfm. Archaeobalaninae Newman and Ross 1976
Subfm. Balaninae Leach 1817
G. †Cetolepas Zullo 1969
Subfm. Concavinae Zullo 1992
Subfm. Megabalaninae Newman 1979
Subfm. Semibalaninae Newman and Ross 1976
Invalid names: Archaeobalanidae Newman and Ross 1976 [synonym], Creusiinae Baluck and Radwanski 1967 [empty], Emersoninae Ross and Newman 1967 [empty], Wanellinae Chan et al. 2021 [empty]
Fm. Pyrgomatidae Gray 1825 [coral barnacle]
+
Subfm. Ceratoconchinae Newman and Ross 1976
Subfm. Megatrematinae Holthuis 1982
Subfm. Pyrgomatinae Gray 1825
Fm. †Brachylepadidae Woodward 1901
+
+
†Brachylepas americana Zullo et al. 1987
†Brachylepas angulosa Collins 1973
†Brachylepas guascoi Bosquet 1857
†Brachylepas naissanti Hebert 1855
†Brachylepas thieli Gale 2020
G. †Calvatilepas Gale and Vidovic 2023
+
†Calvatilepas recurvus Gale and Vidovic 2023
G. †Crithmumlepas Gale and Vidovic 2023
+
†Crithmumlepas aycliffensis Gale and Vidovic 2023
†Crithmumlepas hoensis Gale and Vidovic 2023
G. †Epibrachylepas Gale 2014
+
†Epibrachylepas smeetsi Bosquet 1857
G. †Fallaxlepas Gale 2020
+
†Fallaxlepas fallax Darwin 1851
†Fallaxlepas nervosa Alekseev 2009
G. †Parabrachylepas Gale 2014
+
†Parabrachylepas ifoensis Withers 1935
Superfm. Chthamaloidea Darwin 1854
+
Fm. Catophragmidae Utinomi 1968
+
G. Catophragmus Sowerby 1826
Fm. Chthamalidae Darwin 1854
+
G. Chinochthamalus Foster 1980
G. Chthamalus Ranzani 1817
G. Euraphia Conrad 1837
G. Nesochthamalus Foster and Newman 1987
G. Notochthamalus Foster and Newman 1987
Fm. Pachylasmatidae Utinomi 1968
+
Subfm. Eolasmatinae Jones 2000
G. Eutomolasma Jones 2000
Subfm. Metalasmatinae Jones 2000
Subfm. Pachylasmatinae Utinomi 1968
Fm. Waikalasmatidae Ross and Newman 2001
+
G. Waikalasma Buckeridge 1983
Superfm. Coronuloidea Leach 1817
+
Fm. Austrobalanidae Newman and Ross 1976
+
G. Austrobalanus Pilsbry 1916
Fm. Bathylasmatidae Newman and Ross 1971
+
Subfm. Bathylasmatinae Newman and Ross 1971
Subfm. Hexelasmatinae Newman and Ross 1976
Fm. Chelonibiidae Pilsbry 1916 [turtle barnacle]
+
Subfm. Chelonibiinae Pilsbry 1916
Subfm. †Protochelonibiinae Harzhauser and Newman 2011
Fm. Coronulidae Leach 1817 [whale barnacle]
+
G. Cetopirus Ranzani 1817
G. Coronula Bruguière 1792
G. Cryptolepas Dall 1872
G. Cylindrolepas Pilsbry 1916
G. †Emersonius Ross 1967
G. Platylepas Gray 1825
G. Stomatolepas Pilsbry 1916
G. Tubicinella Lamarck 1802
G. Xenobalanus Steenstrup 1851
Invalid names: Coronulinae Leach 1817 [empty], Platylepadidae Newman and Ross 1976 [synonym]
Fm. Tetraclitidae Gruvel 1903
+
G. Newmanella Ross 1969
G. Tesseropora Pilsbry 1916
G. Tetraclita Schumacher 1817
G. †Tetraclitella Hiro 1939
Invalid names: Tetraclitoidea Gruvel 1903 [synonym]
Superfm. Elminoidea Foster 1982
+
Fm. Elminidae Foster 1982
+
G. †Matellonius Buckeridge 1983
G. †Protelminius Buckeridge and Newman 2010
Infraor. Neobalanomorpha Gale 2014
+
Superfm. Chionelasmatoidea Buckeridge 1983
+
Fm. Chionolasmatidae Buckeridge 1983
Invalid names: Pachylasmatoidea Pilsbry 1916 [empty]
Superfm. †Pachydiadematoidea Chan et al. 2021
+
Fm. †Pachydiadematidae Chan et al. 2021
+
Or. Verrucomorpha Pilsbry 1916
+
Fm. †Eoverrucidae Gale 2020
+
G. †Eoverruca
+
†Eoverruca aubensis Gale 2020
†Eoverruca barringtonensis Gale and Vidovic 2023
†Eoverruca hewitti Withers 1935
†Eoverruca symmetrica Gale 2020
Fm. †Pycnolepadidae Gale and Vidovic 2023
+
G. †Faxelepas Gale 2014
+
†Faxelepas bruennichi Withers 1914
†Faxelepas ignabergensis Carlsson 1953
†Faxelepas landenica Withers 1953
†Faxelepas paronai de Alessandri 1895
G. †Pedupycnolepas Gale 2014
+
†Pedupycnolepas articulata Collins 1980
†Pedupycnolepas lamellatus Gale and Vidovic 2023
G. †Pycnolepas Withers 1914
+
†Pycnolepas batchelorum Gale and Vidovic 2023
†Pycnolepas fimbriata Withers 1912
†Pycnolepas orientalis Kolosváry 1966
†Pycnolepas rigida Sowerby 1836
†Pycnolepas scalaris Withers 1914
†Pycnolepas tithonica Withers 1912
Fm. Verrucidae Darwin 1854
+
G. Altiverruca Pilsbry 1916
G. Brochiverruca Zevina 1993
G. Cameraverruca Pilsbry 1916
G. Costatoverruca Young 1998
G. Cristallinaverruca Young 2002
G. Gibbosaverruca Young 2002
G. Metaverruca Pilsbry 1916
+
+
Invalid names: Verruca capsula Hoek 1913 [synonym], Verruca halotheca Pilsbry 1907 [synonym]
G. Newmaniverruca Young 1998
G. †Priscoverruca Gale 2014
+
†Priscoverruca prisca Bosquet 1854
G. Rostratoverruca Broch 1922
+
†Rostratoverruca pusilla Bosquet 1857
G. Verruca Schumacher 1817
+
Subg. †Verruca (Verruca) Schumacher 1817
†Verruca alabamensis Perreault and Buckeridge 2019
†Verruca gailgoedertae Perreault and Buckeridge 2019
†Verruca jagti Gale 2014
†Verruca sauria Buckeridge 2011
†Verruca sorrellae Perreault and Buckeridge 2019
†Verruca stroemia Müller 1776
G. †Youngiverruca Gale 2014
+
Invalid names: Brachylepadomorpha Withers 1923 [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Unilatera Gale 2019 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Locomotion: stationaryc
Attached: yesc
Epibiont: yesc
Life habit: epifaunalc
Diet: suspension feederc
Vision: limitedc
Created: 2008-03-04 07:51:33
Modified: 2011-06-14 02:28:17
Source: c = class
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wenlock to the top of the Holocene or 433.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 427.4 Ma

Collections (1070 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4United Kingdom Rhamphoverritor reduncus (68060)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian189.6 - 183.0Canada (British Columbia) Balanus sp. (53089)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0Czech Republic Brachylepas fimbriatus (160378) Brachylepas tithonicus (160376)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France Loriolepas suprajurensis (210312) Pollicipes suprajurensis (210313)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Germany (Bavaria) Pollicipes redenbacheri (210310)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Germany (Bayern) Archaeolepas sp. (31991) Pollicipes redenbacheri (133581)
Late/Upper Berriasian - Valanginian145.0 - 132.9Germany Archaeolepas decora (95087)
Early/Lower Valanginian140.2 - 136.4Germany Archaeolepas decora (210314)
Early/Lower Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0Germany Martillepas hausmanni, Martillepas decoratus, Etcheslepas borealis, Jaegerscalpellum elegans, Pedupycnolepas pulcher (91586)
Early/Lower Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0France Scalpellidae indet. (59653)
Early/Lower Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0United Kingdom (England) Martillepas auriculum (183551)
Late/Upper Hauterivian136.4 - 130.0Germany Cretiscalpellum mutterlosei (210473) Martillepas auriculum (210466)
Hauterivian132.9 - 129.4Germany Scalpellum bronni (211484)
Hauterivian - Aptian132.9 - 113.0South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Zeugmatolepas georgiensis (209141)
Aptian125.0 - 113.0United Kingdom (England) Cretiscalpellum aptiense (1841) Cretiscalpellum sp., Virgiscalpellum wrighti (1747)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0United Kingdom Scalpellum comptum (211496)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0New Zealand Cretiscalpellum glabrum (37059)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0United Kingdom (England) Pycnolepas batchelorum (232243 232244)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46Antarctica Pycnolepas articulata (160142)
Early/Lower Aptian121.4 - 122.46United Kingdom (England) Arcoscalpellum comptum, Virgiscalpellum wrighti (171903)