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Canis armbrusteri
Taxonomy
Canis armbrusteri was named by Gidley (1913). Its type specimen is USNM 7662, a mandible, and it is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Cumberland Cave, which is in an Irvingtonian cave horizon in Maryland.
It was synonymized subjectively with Canis lupus by Martin (1974), Miller (1976); it was recombined as Aenocyon armbrusteri by Eshelman et al. (2025).
It was synonymized subjectively with Canis lupus by Martin (1974), Miller (1976); it was recombined as Aenocyon armbrusteri by Eshelman et al. (2025).
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
C. ambrusteri, C. anthus, C. avus, C. brevirostris, C. cautleyi, C. familiaris, C. familiearis, C. kronstadtensis, C. kuruksaensis, C. lupis, C. lupus, C. lupus, C. lupus, C. multicuspus, C. ochropus, C. ocropus, C. odessanus, C. orientalis, C. rufus, C. tengisii, C. yuanmouensis, C. brevirostris, C. lupes
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1913 | Canis armbrusteri Gidley |
| 1979 | Canis armbrusteri Nowak |
| 1980 | Canis armbrusteri Kurten and Anderson p. 169 |
| 2008 | Canis armbrusteri Wang et al. |
| 2009 | Canis armbrusteri Tedford et al. p. 137 figs. 40, 43, 44, 52, 53A–D, 54A–F, 55A–D; appendices 2–4 |
| 2019 | Canis armbrusteri Albright et al. p. 173 |
| 2025 | Aenocyon armbrusteri Eshelman et al. p. 117 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Canis armbrusteri Gidley 1913
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Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| R. H. Tedford et al. 2009 | Canis armbrusteri shares with C. lupus and C. dirus the following synapomorphies: incisive foramina extend posterior to limit of canine alveoli, strong posterior expansion of paroccipital process, posterior expansion of frontal sinus to frontoparietal suture, and very reduced M1 parastyle lacking union with prepara- crista. It differs from C. lupus in that it retains premolars in which P3 and p2–p3 usually have posterior cusps, and the second posterior cusp of p4 is separate from the posterior cingulum. Like C. dirus, it also differs from C. lupus in having short-crowned and relatively straight canines, the metaconid of m1–m2 reduced, and a reduced P4 protocone. Although a sister taxon to C. dirus, C. armbrusteri lacks the other hyper- carnivorous dental features characteristic of C. dirus including a primitively retained labial cingulum on M1. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002 | |||||
Age range: base of the Irvingtonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 1.40000 to 0.01170 Ma
Collections (18 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Calabrian | USA (Virginia) | Canis armbrusteri (104698) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Florida) | Canis armbrusteri (20400 20401) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Texas) | Aenocyon sp. (20530) Canis dirus (20498) Canis lupus (20342) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Maryland) | Canis armbrusteri (type locality: 20302) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Canis armbrusteri (20537) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Arizona) | Canis nubilus (19617) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Canis priscolatrans (20479) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Canis armbrusteri (20351 20415) Canis lupus (20289) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (New Mexico) | Canis armbrusteri (20558) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Arkansas) | Canis occidentalis (20290) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (South Carolina) | Canis dirus (79919) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Canis armbrusteri (152904) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Canis lupus (20593) |