PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Canis rufus (red wolf)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

Taxonomy

Canis rufus was named by Audubon and Bachman (1851). It is extant.

It was recombined as Canis niger rufus by Halloran (1961).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data

C. kronstadtensis, C. multicuspus, C. ocropus, C. orientalis

Synonyms

Canis floridanus was named by Miller (1912).

It was synonymized subjectively with Canis rufus by Nowak (1979), Hall (1981).
Canis priscolatrans was named by Cope (1899).

It was synonymized subjectively with Canis rufus by Nowak (1973), Nowak (1979), Dalquest and Schultz (1992).
Lupus niger was named by Bartram (1791). It is extant.

It was recombined as Canis niger by Halloran (1961); it was synonymized subjectively with Canis rufus by van Gelder (1978), Nowak (1979), Kurten and Anderson (1980).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1791	Lupus niger Bartram
1851	Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman
1899	Canis priscolatrans Cope
1902	Canis priscolatrans Hay p. 776
1912	Canis floridanus Miller
1961	Canis niger Halloran p. 22
1961	Canis niger rufus Halloran p. 22
1974	Canis rufus Martin and Webb
1978	Canis rufus van Gelder
1980	Canis priscolatrans Kurten and Anderson p. 168
1980	Canis rufus Kurten and Anderson p. 169
2008	Canis rufus Wang et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Pancarnivora
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
family	Canidae
subfamily	Caninae	Gill 1872
genus	Canis
species	rufus	Audubon and Bachman 1851

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman 1851 [red wolf]

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Invalid names: Canis floridanus Miller 1912 [synonym], Canis priscolatrans Cope 1899 [synonym], Lupus niger Bartram 1791 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoref

Diet 2:

omnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-08-22 19:28:06

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991

Age range: base of the Blancan to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 4.70000 to 0.01170 Ma

Collections (6 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Blancan	4.7 - 1.4	USA (California)	Canis priscolatrans (20115 20120 20121)
Irvingtonian	1.4 - 0.21	USA (New Mexico)	Canis rufus (20506)
Irvingtonian	1.4 - 0.21	USA (Maryland)	Canis priscolatrans (20302)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	USA (Florida)	Canis rufus (154805)