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Cervus canadensis (elk)
Taxonomy
Cervus canadensis was named by Erxleben (1777) [named as a subspecies of C. elaphus by Erxleben 1777; raised to species level by Borowski 1780]. It is extant.
It was recombined as Cervus (Elaphus) canadensis by Owen (1844); it was synonymized subjectively with Cervus elaphus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Wilson and Reeder (1993).
It was recombined as Cervus (Elaphus) canadensis by Owen (1844); it was synonymized subjectively with Cervus elaphus by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Wilson and Reeder (1993).
Subspecies
Sister species lacking formal opinion data
C. acoronatus, C. ardei, C. astylodon, C. axis, C. belgrandi, C. bovides, C. brevitrabilis, C. bucklandi, C. capreulus, C. dicranius, C. dorothoensis, C. duvauceli, C. duvauceli, C. elaphas, C. elaphoides, C. elephas, C. elsanus, C. fitchii, C. furcatus, C. gunnii, C. ischnoceros, C. kazusensis, C. liriocerus, C. matheroni, C. peloponnesiacus, C. philisi, C. phlisi, C. polignacus, C. punjabicus, C. reichenaui, C. rhenanus, C. solilhacus, C. stehlini, C. taiouanus, C. verticornis, C. warthae, C. yesoensis, C. yunnanensis, C. kauxuesis, C. naorai, C. praeonipponicus, C. dicranios, C. senezensis, C. takaoi, C. grayi, C. katokiyomasai, C. kuhlii, C. timoriensis, C. tricolor, C. yunnanensis, C. greyi, C. paleozoensis, C. taevanus, C. taiouanus
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1777 | Cervus canadensis Erxleben |
| 1780 | Cervus canadensis Borowski |
| 1844 | Cervus (Elaphus) canadensis Owen p. 237 |
| 1902 | Cervus canadensis Hay p. 685 |
| 1967 | Cervus canadensis Wilson p. 215 |
| 1972 | Cervus canadensis Whitehead |
| 1984 | Cervus canadensis Cockerill |
| 2006 | Cervus canadensis Ludt et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Cervus canadensis merriami Nelson 1902 [Arizona elk]
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, MacFadden et al. 1999, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Irvingtonian to the top of the Holocene or 1.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.774 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.774 Ma
Collections (50 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Cervus elaphus (206956) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | Cervus canadensis (127111) | |
| Pleistocene | Canada (Alberta) | Cervus canadensis (174512) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Tennessee) | Cervus canadensis (74240) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Texas) | Cervus merriami (93258) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Colorado) | Cervus canadensis (20477) | |
| Irvingtonian | Canada (Yukon) | Cervus elaphus (20434) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (South Carolina) | Cervus elaphus (79759) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Alaska) | Cervus elaphus (20277) | |
| Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Cervus elaphus (20323) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | France (Pas de Calais) | Cervus canadensis (49087) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (Maryland) | Cervus elaphus (195939) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (South Carolina) | Cervus elaphus (79757) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michigan) | Cervus canadensis (63399 200631 200633 200634 200635 200636 200637 200638) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Cervus elaphus (124199 124950) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oklahoma) | Cervus canadensis (216271) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | Cervus elaphus (20569) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Alaska) | Cervus elaphus (93555) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Georgia) | Cervus elaphus (84190) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Michiagn) | Cervus canadensis (200632) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Canada (Alberta) | Cervus canadensis (20615) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Alabama) | Cervus elaphus (84191) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Cervus elaphus (103991 104697 104758) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | China (Nei Mongol) | Cervus canadensis (35928 35930 35965) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Kansas) | Cervus elaphus (83069) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Tennessee) | Cervus canadensis (93252) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Cervus elaphus (104699) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Utah) | Cervus elaphus (93326) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Ontario) | Cervus canadensis (221863) | |
| Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Cervus elaphus (104675) | |
| Holocene | Canada (British Columbia) | Cervus canadensis (108792) | |
| Holocene | USA (Ohio) | Cervus canadensis (195062 195065 195066 195067 195068) | |
| Holocene | USA (Maine) | Cervus canadensis (122450) | |
| Holocene | USA (Montana) | Cervus canadensis (162133) |