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Cervus elaphus (red deer)

Mammalia - Cervidae

Taxonomy
Cervus elaphus was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Cervus elaphus Linnaeus
1902Cervus elaphus Hay p. 684
1911Cervus elaphus Thomas p. 151
1927Cervus elaphus Boule and De Villeneuve p. 38
1978Cervus elaphus Hamilton p. 496
1980Cervus elaphus Kurten and Anderson p. 317
1982Cervus elaphus Churcher and Peterson p. 251
2006Cervus elaphus Ludt et al.
2008Cervus elaphus Agnarsson and May-Collado p. 974 figs. Fig. 5
2010Cervus elaphus Gentry p. 821
2015Cervus elaphus Gruwier et al. p. 37 figs. Table 1
2018Cervus elaphus Eshelman et al. p. 9
2019Cervus elaphus Albright et al. p. 188

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
—Ruminantiamorpha
—Ruminantia(Scopoli 1777)
—Pecora()
superfamilyCervoidea
familyCervidae
subfamilyCervinaeGoldfuss 1820
tribeCerviniGoldfuss 1820
genusCervus
specieselaphus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758 [red deer]
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Cervus elaphus corsicanus Erxleben 1777 [Corsican red deer]
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparousf
Created: 2009-01-04 11:01:15
Modified: 2009-01-04 13:01:25
Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991, MacFadden et al. 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliocene to the top of the Holocene or 3.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 2.588 Ma

Collections (126 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Cervus elaphus (39409)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Russian Federation Cervus elaphus (76530)
Piacenzian - Calabrian3.6 - 0.774Italy (Basilicata) Cervus elaphus (38087)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Cervus elaphus (50000)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Netherlands Cervus elaphus (189574)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Germany (Thüringen) Cervus elaphus (43020 45065 45069 45085)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781France (Lot) Cervus elaphus (48981)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (South Carolina) Cervus elaphus (206956)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.129Spain (Asturias) Cervus elaphus (49211)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.129United Kingdom (England) Cervus elaphus (49997)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Sicily) Cervus elaphus (94328)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Cervus elaphus (50193)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Greece (Florina) Cervus elaphus (182678)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Greece (Chalkidiki) Cervus elaphus (183123)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Wales) Cervus elaphus (34940)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Spain (Segovia) Cervus elaphus (36517 36518)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Belgium Cervus elaphus (34127)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0USA (Texas) Cervus merriami (93258)
Quaternary2.58 - 0.0Italy (Lombardia) Cervus elaphus (36376)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Colorado) Cervus canadensis (20477)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Alaska) Cervus elaphus (20277)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (South Carolina) Cervus elaphus (79759)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3Canada (Yukon) Cervus elaphus (20434)
Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean1.8 - 0.012USA (California) Cervus elaphus (20323)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129France (Haute-Pyrenees) Cervus elaphus (49094)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129France (Pas de Calais) Cervus elaphus (49087)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Lazio Region) Cervus elaphus (36134)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129France (Haute-Garonne) Cervus elaphus (49089)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Madrid) Cervus elaphus (51817)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129France (Aquitaine) Cervus elaphus (49093)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Soria) Cervus elaphus (73757 73758 73759 73760 73761)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (Suffolk) Cervus elaphus (49813 49814)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Austria (Niederoesterreich) Cervus elaphus (50258)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Greece Cervidae indet. (187637) Cervus elaphus (194472 194474 194475 194477)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (Norfolk) Cervus elaphus (49816)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Valencia) Cervus elaphus (221420 221421 221422 221424 221425 221426)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Cervus elaphus (49999 50049 50196 50198)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy Cervus elaphus (38314 96726)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg) Cervus elaphus (50199 50259)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Hungary Cervus elaphus (35045 36706)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117France (Corsica) Cervus elaphus (94331)
Middle Pleistocene - Quaternary0.774 - 0.0Israel Cervus elaphus (13490)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (South Carolina) Cervus elaphus (79757)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Maryland) Cervus elaphus (195939)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Monaco Cervus elaphus (191719 191720 191721 191722 191723 191724)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Hungary (Barany) Cervus elaphus (197461)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Thessalia) Cervus elaphus (204397)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Ioannina) Cervus elaphus (208564 208565)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal (Leiria) Cervus elaphus (230380)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alaska) Cervus elaphus (93555)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Kansas) Cervus elaphus (83069)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Cervus elaphus (84190)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Uzbekistan Cervus elaphus (21197)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain (Valencia) Cervus elaphus (205285 221412 221413 221414 221415 221416 221417)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Cervus elaphus (48587 48591)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Netherlands Cervus elaphus (82530 227871)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Alabama) Cervus elaphus (84191)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Portugal Cervus elaphus (197768)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Israel (Mount Carmel) Cervus elaphus (11803)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Cervus elaphus (103991 104697 104758)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Peloponnesus) Cervus elaphus (184245)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Italy (Tuscany) Cervus elaphus (200295)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Cervus elaphus (90036)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Cervus elaphus (43015)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Cervus elaphus (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (England) Cervus elaphus (93828 96782)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Cervus elaphus (124199 124950)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Kilkis) Cervus elaphus (207192)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece Cervus elaphus (203847)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Cervus elaphus (104699)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0North Atlantic Cervus elaphus (102954)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Greece (Argolida) Cervus elaphus (182709)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Greece (Attica) Cervus elaphus (203846)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Greece (Peloponnesus) Cervus elaphus (184243)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Utah) Cervus elaphus (93326)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom Cervus elaphus (122112)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Netherlands Cervus elaphus (55533 122115)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Italy (Sicily) Cervus elaphus (175523)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Russian Federation Cervus elaphus (171637)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France Cervus elaphus (59150)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Cervus elaphus (191169)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Cervus elaphus (104675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bulgaria Cervus elaphus (232847)