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Clethrionomys gapperi (southern red-backed vole)

Mammalia - Rodentia - Cricetidae

Taxonomy
Arvicola gapperi was named by Vigors (1830). It is extant.

It was recombined as Evotomys gapperi by Merriam (1891), Stone (1893), Miller (1894), Rhoads (1894), Rhoads (1894), Preble (1908) and Taylor and Shaw (1929); it was recombined as Clethrionomys gapperi by Green (1928), Bailey (1929), Goodwin (1929), Goodwin (1929), Hall (1931), Whitlow and Hall (1933), Racey and Cowan (1935), Jackson (1938), Kellogg (1939), Anderson (1940), Smith (1940), Smith (1940), Doutt (1941), Bole and Moulthrop (1942), Anderson (1943), Booth (1945), Poole (1949), Cockrum and Fitch (1952), Hall and Cockrum (1952), Hall and Cockrum (1952), Wilson (1967), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Hall (1981).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
C. glareolus, C. kretzoii, C. nageri, C. rufocanus

Synonyms
  • Evotomys carolinensis was named by Merriam (1888). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Kellogg (1939), Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys caurinus was named by Bailey (1898). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Racey and Cowan (1935), Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys fuscodorsalis was named by Allen (1894). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys galei was named by Merriam (1890). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Hall (1931), Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys idahoensis was named by Merriam (1891). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Whitlow and Hall (1933), Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys limitis was named by Bailey (1913). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Cockrum and Fitch (1952), Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys nivarius was named by Bailey (1897). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Evotomys gapperi by Taylor and Shaw (1929); it was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys occidentalis was named by Merriam (1890). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Evotomys gapperi by Taylor and Shaw (1929); it was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys phaeus was named by Swarth (1911). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Hall and Cockrum (1952), Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys proteus was named by Bangs (1897). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Jackson (1938), Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys pygmaeus was named by Rhoads (1894). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys ungava was named by Bailey (1897). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Anderson (1939), Hall (1981).
  • Evotomys wrangeli was named by Bailey (1897). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Clethrionomys gapperi by Hall and Cockrum (1952), Hall (1981).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1830Arvicola gapperi Vigors
1888Evotomys carolinensis Merriam
1890Evotomys galei Merriam
1890Evotomys occidentalis Merriam
1891Evotomys gapperi Merriam
1891Evotomys idahoensis Merriam
1893Evotomys gapperi Stone
1894Evotomys fuscodorsalis Allen
1894Evotomys gapperi Miller
1894Evotomys gapperi Rhoads
1894Evotomys pygmaeus Rhoads
1897Evotomys nivarius Bailey
1897Evotomys ungava Bailey
1897Evotomys wrangeli Bailey
1897Evotomys proteus Bangs
1898Evotomys caurinus Bailey
1908Evotomys gapperi Preble
1911Evotomys phaeus Swarth
1913Evotomys limitis Bailey
1928Clethrionomys gapperi Green
1929Clethrionomys gapperi Bailey
1929Clethrionomys gapperi Goodwin
1929Evotomys gapperi Taylor and Shaw
1931Clethrionomys gapperi Hall
1933Clethrionomys gapperi Whitlow and Hall
1935Clethrionomys gapperi Racey and Cowan
1938Clethrionomys gapperi Jackson
1939Clethrionomys gapperi Kellogg
1940Clethrionomys gapperi Anderson
1940Clethrionomys gapperi Smith
1941Clethrionomys gapperi Doutt
1942Clethrionomys gapperi Bole and Moulthrop
1943Clethrionomys gapperi Anderson
1945Clethrionomys gapperi Booth
1949Clethrionomys gapperi Poole
1952Clethrionomys gapperi Cockrum and Fitch
1952Clethrionomys gapperi Hall and Cockrum
1967Clethrionomys gapperi Wilson p. 210
1980Clethrionomys gapperi Kurten and Anderson p. 257
1981Clethrionomys gapperi Hall

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Eugnathostomata
—Teleostomi(Bonaparte 1836)
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
—GliriformesWyss and Meng 1996
—Glires()
—Simplicidentata()
orderRodentiaBowdich 1821
familyCricetidaeFischer von Waldheim 1817
subfamilyArvicolinae()
tribeMyodiniKretzoi 1969
genusClethrionomysPallas 1811
speciesgapperi(Vigors 1830)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors 1830 [southern red-backed vole]
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Invalid names: Evotomys carolinensis Merriam 1888 [synonym], Evotomys caurinus Bailey 1898 [synonym], Evotomys fuscodorsalis Allen 1894 [synonym], Evotomys galei Merriam 1890 [synonym], Evotomys idahoensis Merriam 1891 [synonym], Evotomys limitis Bailey 1913 [synonym], Evotomys nivarius Bailey 1897 [synonym], Evotomys occidentalis Merriam 1890 [synonym], Evotomys phaeus Swarth 1911 [synonym], Evotomys proteus Bangs 1897 [synonym], Evotomys pygmaeus Rhoads 1894 [synonym], Evotomys ungava Bailey 1897 [synonym], Evotomys wrangeli Bailey 1897 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
partNmean

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Life habit: ground dwellingg
Diet: herbivoreo
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2012-05-15 12:37:55
Modified: 2012-05-14 21:37:55
Source: g = genus, o = order, subc = subclass, subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Carroll 1988, Nowak 1999, Samuels and Van Valkenburgh 2008, Kiessling 2004, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Middle Pleistocene to the top of the Holocene or 0.77400 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (38 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Clethrionomys gapperi (123875 124319 125941)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Virginia) Clethrionomys gapperi (20388)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Kansas) Clethrionomys gapperi (20312 20313 20314 20315 20316)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (West Virginia) Clethrionomys gapperi (20554)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Nebraska) Clethrionomys gapperi (20143)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Maryland) Clethrionomys gapperi (20302)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Virginia) Clethrionomys gapperi (104662)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Clethrionomys gapperi (200485)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Ohio) Clethrionomys gapperi (93334)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) Clethrionomys gapperi (82890)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Saskatchewan) Clethrionomys gapperi (20635)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Clethrionomys gapperi (93528)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Clethrionomys gapperi (82258 103991 104666 104676 104679 104681 104685 104697 104758 124089)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (British Columbia) Clethrionomys gapperi (83951)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Clethrionomys gapperi (123868 124198 124199)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Clethrionomys gapperi (104034 104035 104044 104672 104689)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Clethrionomys gapperi (104040)