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Taxonomy
Pliauchenia spatula was named by Cope (1893).
It was recombined as Megatylopus spatula by Gregory (1939); it was recombined as Titanotylopus spatulus by Webb (1965), Breyer (1976) and Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was recombined as Gigantocamelus spatulus by Barbour and Schultz (1939), Meade (1945), Hibbard and Riggs (1949), Hibbard (1953), Dalquest (1992), Kelly (1994), Repenning et al. (1995) and Honey et al. (1998).
It was recombined as Megatylopus spatula by Gregory (1939); it was recombined as Titanotylopus spatulus by Webb (1965), Breyer (1976) and Kurten and Anderson (1980); it was recombined as Gigantocamelus spatulus by Barbour and Schultz (1939), Meade (1945), Hibbard and Riggs (1949), Hibbard (1953), Dalquest (1992), Kelly (1994), Repenning et al. (1995) and Honey et al. (1998).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1893 | Pliauchenia spatula Cope p. 70 |
| 1901 | Pliauchenia spatula Matthew p. 426 |
| 1902 | Pliauchenia spatula Hay p. 680 |
| 1939 | Gigantocamelus fricki Barbour and Schultz |
| 1939 | Gigantocamelus spatulus Barbour and Schultz |
| 1939 | Megatylopus spatula Gregory p. 367 |
| 1945 | Gigantocamelus spatulus Meade |
| 1949 | Gigantocamelus spatulus Hibbard and Riggs |
| 1953 | Gigantocamelus spatulus Hibbard |
| 1965 | Titanotylopus spatulus Webb |
| 1976 | Titanotylopus spatulus Breyer p. 785 |
| 1980 | Titanotylopus spatulus Kurten and Anderson p. 302 |
| 1992 | Gigantocamelus spatulus Dalquest |
| 1994 | Gigantocamelus spatulus Kelly |
| 1995 | Gigantocamelus spatulus Repenning et al. |
| 1998 | Gigantocamelus spatulus Honey et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Gigantocamelus spatulus Cope 1893
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Invalid names: Gigantocamelus fricki Barbour and Schultz 1939 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Breyer 1976 | is distin- guished from T. nebraskensis by a longer /C-P/3 diastema (see Table 5) and a shorter mandibular symphysis (see Text-fig. 3). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1999, Nowak 1991 | |||||
Age range: base of the Blancan to the top of the Irvingtonian or 4.90000 to 0.30000 Ma
Collections (25 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blancan | USA (Nebraska) | Gigantocamelus fricki (19959) Gigantocamelus sp. (19954 19963) Gigantocamelus spatulus (19955 19958 19960 19962) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Gigantocamelus spatulus (19922 19932) | |
| Blancan | USA (Nevada) | Gigantocamelus spatulus (19993 19997) | |
| Blancan | USA (Idaho) | Gigantocamelus spatulus (19792 19800) | |
| Blancan | USA (Texas) | Gigantocamelus spatulus (20025 20035) Megatylopus sp. (20022 20023 20024 20026 20027 20028) Titanotylopus spatulus (20031 20032) | |
| Blancan - Irvingtonian | USA (South Dakota) | Gigantocamelus spatulus (20020) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Oklahoma) | Titanotylopus spatulus (20382) |