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Hemiauchenia macrocephala

Mammalia - Camelidae

Taxonomy
Holomeniscus macrocephalus was named by Cope (1893).

It was synonymized subjectively with Camelops vitakerianus by Wortman (1898); it was recombined as Camelops macrocephalus by Hay (1902), Hay (1913); it was recombined as Tanupolama macrocephala by Hibbard and Dalquest (1962), Webb (1965), Slaughter (1966); it was recombined as Hemiauchenia macrocephala by Webb (1974), Breyer (1977), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Dalquest (1992), Honey et al. (1998), Meachen (2005).

Sister species lacking formal opinion data
H. vitakerianus

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1893Holomeniscus macrocephalus Cope p. 85
1898Camelus americanus Wortman p. 133 fig. 21
1902Camelops macrocephalus Hay p. 679
1902Camelus americanus Hay p. 680
1913Camelops macrocephalus Hay p. 276
1925Lama stevensi Merriam and Stock p. 39 figs. 1 - 4
1928Tanupolama americana Stock
1928Tanupolama stevensi Stock
1929Prochenia americana Frick
1930Lama hollomani Hay and Cook
1953Tanupolama hollomani Meade
1962Tanupolama macrocephala Hibbard and Dalquest
1962Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard and Dalquest
1965Tanupolama americana Webb
1965Tanupolama macrocephala Webb
1965Tanupolama stevensi Webb
1965Tanupolama hollomani Webb p. 34
1965Tanupolama seymourensis Webb p. 34
1966Tanupolama hollomani Slaughter p. 84
1966Tanupolama macrocephala Slaughter p. 84
1968Tanupolama stevensi Miller
1974Hemiauchenia macrocephala Webb
1974Hemiauchenia seymourensis Webb
1977Hemiauchenia macrocephala Breyer
1980Hemiauchenia macrocephala Kurten and Anderson p. 308
1992Hemiauchenia macrocephala Dalquest
1995Hemiauchenia seymourensis Webb and Stehli
1998Hemiauchenia macrocephala Honey et al.
2005Hemiauchenia seymourensis Cisneros p. 250
2005Hemiauchenia macrocephala Meachen p. 438

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Euungulata
—Artiodactylamorpha
—Artiodactyla()
suborderTylopoda()
familyCamelidae
subfamilyCamelinaeGray 1821
tribeLaminiWebb 1965
genusHemiauchenia
speciesmacrocephala()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

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Invalid names: Camelus americanus Wortman 1898 [synonym], Lama hollomani Hay and Cook 1930 [synonym], Lama stevensi Merriam and Stock 1925 [synonym], Tanupolama seymourensis Hibbard and Dalquest 1962 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. C. Merriam and C. Stock 1925 (Lama stevensi)Type approaching in size the existing llama. Lower molars with enamel of internal faces not as distinctly folded as in existing llama. MI with median external style. M2 and M3 with antero-external style not as well developed as in Lama. Posterior or third lobe in M3 not separated from second lobe as distinctly as in the corresponding tooth of the Recent Lama.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: browserg
Diet 2: grazerg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-04 10:39:26
Modified: 2009-01-04 12:39:26
Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: MacFadden and Cerling 1996, Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1999, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 2.58000 to 0.01400 Ma

Collections (65 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (California) Lama stevensi (19663)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Florida) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (19753) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (19752 98320)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Nebraska) Tanupolama sp. (19955)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Colorado) Tanupolama blancoensis (19744)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Nevada) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20006 20007)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Kansas) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (19936 19947)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (New Mexico) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (19970 19981 19985)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Washington) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20062)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4Mexico (Sonora) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20322)
Blancan4.7 - 1.4USA (Texas) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20033) Tanupolama blancoensis (20050 20052)
Blancan - Irvingtonian4.7 - 0.21El Salvador Hemiauchenia seymourensis (70118)
Gelasian2.58 - 1.8USA (Florida) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (19758) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20384)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (227368)
Pleistocene2.58 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (162638)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Texas) Holomeniscus macrocephalus, Tanupolama macrocephala (20498) Tanupolama macrocephala (20530) Tanupolama seymourensis (20342)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Kansas) Hemiauchenia seymourensis (20390) Tanupolama macrocephala (20166)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (California) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20123)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21Canada (Alberta) Hemiauchenia hollomani (20417)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (New Mexico) Hemiauchenia blancoensis (20558)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Oklahoma) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20382)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (Florida) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20289 20299 20308 20385 20400 20402 20403 20475 20478 20482 20494 58089)
Irvingtonian1.4 - 0.21USA (South Carolina) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (79919)
Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean1.4 - 0.014USA (California) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20486)
Rancholabrean0.21 - 0.014USA (Florida) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20398 20491)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20571 20572 20573 20594 20595 20629 20634 79667) Tanupolama sp. (20581)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Tanupolama americana (154771)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (80230 152904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (20273)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (154804)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Utah) Hemiauchenia macrocephala (93326)