PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Cenosphaera

Protozoa - Ethmosphaeridae

Taxonomy

Cenosphaera was named by Ehrenberg (1854) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Ladi R]. It is extant. Its type is Cenosphaera plutonis.

It was assigned to Ethmosphaerinae by Loeblich and Tappan (1961); to Spumellaria by Sepkoski (2002); and to Actinommidae by Sharma and Takahashi (2007).

Species lacking formal opinion data

C. igoi, C. rugosa

Synonyms

Cenosphaera affinis was named by Hinde (1899). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).
Cenosphaera apiaria was named by Rüst (1892). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).
Cenosphaera carbonica was named by Rüst (1892). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).
Cenosphaera castanea was named by Rüst (1892). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).
Cenosphaera ingens was named by Rüst (1892). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).
Cenosphaera macropora was named by Rüst (1892). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).
Cenosphaera rossica was named by Rüst (1892). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).
Cenosphaera scitula was named by Hinde (1899). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).
Cenosphaera uralensis was named by Rüst (1892). It is not extant.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Aitchison et al. (2017).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1854	Cenosphaera Ehrenberg
1892	Cenosphaera apiaria Rüst
1892	Cenosphaera carbonica Rüst
1892	Cenosphaera castanea Rüst
1892	Cenosphaera ingens Rüst
1892	Cenosphaera macropora Rüst
1892	Cenosphaera rossica Rüst
1892	Cenosphaera uralensis Rüst
1899	Cenosphaera affinis Hinde
1899	Cenosphaera scitula Hinde
1961	Cenosphaera Loeblich and Tappan
2002	Cenosphaera Sepkoski
2007	Cenosphaera Sharma and Takahashi p. 818

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Rank	Name	Author
—	Life
—	Eukaryota	()
class	Protozoa	Goldfuss 1820
subphylum	Sarcodina	Schmarda 1871
class	Reticularea	Lankester 1885

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Radiolaria	(Müller 1858)
superfamily	Ethmosphaeracea	Haeckel 1862
family	Ethmosphaeridae	Haeckel 1862
subfamily	Ethmosphaerinae	Haeckel 1862
genus	Cenosphaera	Ehrenberg 1854

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Cenosphaera Ehrenberg 1854

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Subg. Cenosphaera (Chaunosphaera) Loeblich and Tappan 1961

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Cenosphaera (Chaunosphaera) primordialis Haeckel 1887

Invalid names: Cenosphaera (Porosphaera) Haeckel 1887 [replaced]

†Cenosphaera aberdeenae Furutani 1990

†Cenosphaera andoi Sugiyama 1992

†Cenosphaera antiqua Ruedemann and Wilson 1936

†Cenosphaera cabrierensis Deflandre 1973

†Cenosphaera hexagonalis Aberdeen 1940

†Cenosphaera hexata Pulfrey 1932

†Cenosphaera marathonensis Riedel 1963

Cenosphaera plutonis Ehrenberg 1854

†Cenosphaera semiequalis Aberdeen 1940

†Cenosphaera variabilis Aberdeen 1940

Invalid names: Cenosphaera affinis Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera apiaria Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera carbonica Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera castanea Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera ingens Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera macropora Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera rossica Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera scitula Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera uralensis Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

silicap

Environment:

marinep

Locomotion:

passively mobilep

Life habit:

planktonicp

Diet:

omnivorep

Created:

2005-01-28 01:13:47

Modified:

2005-01-28 03:13:47

Source: p = phylum

Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Changhsingian to the top of the Middle Pleistocene or 254.14000 to 0.12900 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 251.902 Ma

Collections (66 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Changhsingian	254.14 - 251.902	Thailand	C. rugosa (64497)
Smithian - Spathian	249.9 - 246.7	Thailand	C. rugosa (64504 64505 64507 64510 64511)
Spathian	248.1 - 246.7	Thailand (San Kamphaeng)	C. rugosa (220605 220606 220607 220611 220612)
Spathian	248.1 - 246.7	Japan	C. andoi (95372)
Anisian	246.7 - 241.464	China (Yunnan)	C. sp. (95435 95437 95438 95442)
Pelsonian	244.24 - 243.33	Thailand	C. igoi (64517 64518)
Pelsonian	244.24 - 243.33	Thailand (San Kamphaeng)	C. igoi (220618 220619)
Pelsonian	244.24 - 243.33	China (Yunnan)	C. sp. (220582 220583 220595 220596)
Illyrian - Fassanian	243.33 - 239.48	Slovakia	C. sp. (96140)
Carnian	237.0 - 227.3	Albania	C. sp. (53987 53988)
Carnian - Norian	237.0 - 205.7	Albania	C. sp. (53990)
Early/Lower Aalenian	174.7 - 170.9	Germany	C. sp. (59470 59477 59493 59494 59495 59496 59497)
Callovian - Oxfordian	165.3 - 154.8	Slovakia	C. sp. (96141)
Berriasian	143.1 - 137.05	USA (California)	C. boria (54031 54033 54050 54051 54052)
Early/Lower Valanginian - Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	USA (California)	C. boria (54034 54035 54036 54038)
Late/Upper Valanginian	137.05 - 132.6	USA (California)	C. boria (54114)
Valanginian - Barremian	137.05 - 121.4	Malaysia	C. boria (69300 69301)
Late/Upper Cenomanian	100.5 - 93.9	Italy	C. boria (77365 77367 77370 77371 77372 77373 77375)
Early/Lower Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Denmark	C. sp. 1 (62501 62502 62503 62505)
Middle Coniacian	89.8 - 85.7	Denmark	C. sp. 1 (62507)
Late/Upper Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Austria	C. sp. (74490)
Santonian	85.7 - 83.6	Russian Federation (Tambov)	C. sp. (95160)
Middle Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.129	Japan	C. sp. (233709 233710 233712)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.774 - 0.0117	Japan	C. sp. (233713)