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Ethmosphaeracea

Protozoa

Taxonomy
Ethmosphaeracea was named by Haeckel (1862). It is extant.

It was assigned to Radiolaria by Loeblich and Tappan (1961).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1862Ethmosphaeracea Haeckel
1961Ethmosphaeracea Loeblich and Tappan

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RankNameAuthor
—Life
—Eukaryota()
classProtozoaGoldfuss 1820
subphylumSarcodinaSchmarda 1871
RankNameAuthor
classReticulareaLankester 1885
subclassRadiolaria(Müller 1858)
superfamilyEthmosphaeraceaHaeckel 1862
superfamilyEthmosphaeraceaHaeckel 1862

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Ethmosphaeracea Haeckel 1862
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Fm. Actinommidae Haeckel 1862
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G. Acanthosphaera Ehrenberg 1859
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†Acanthosphaera austriaca Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Acanthosphaera cyclocera Deflandre 1960
†Acanthosphaera hirsuta Aberdeen 1940
†Acanthosphaera microspinosa Aberdeen 1940
†Acanthosphaera minuta Ruedemann and Wilson 1936
†Acanthosphaera mocki Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Acanthosphaera perspinosa Ruedemann and Wilson 1936
†Acanthosphaera polygonophora Deflandre 1960
†Acanthosphaera robusta Ruedemann and Wilson 1936
Invalid names: Acanthosphaera antiqua Hinde 1890 [nomen dubium], Acanthosphaera australis Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium], Acanthosphaera entactinia Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Acanthosphaera etheridgei Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium], Acanthosphaera laxa Hinde and Fox 1895 [nomen dubium], Acanthosphaera macracantha Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Actinomma Haeckel 1862
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Actinomma boreale Cleve 1899
†Actinomma davisensis Pessagno 1976
†Actinomma frigida Kiessling 1999
†Actinomma interessanta Kiessling 1999
†Actinomma ishidai Sashida and Uematsu 1996
Actinomma leptodermum Jørgensen 1899
†Actinomma longinggapensis Kiessling 1999
†Actinomma matsuokai Sashida and Uematsu 1996
†Actinomma siciliensis Kito and De Wever 1994
†Actinomma tochidaniensis Sashida and Uematsu 1996
†Actinomma verwirra Kiessling 1999
Invalid names: Actinomma schaebenholzianum Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. †Astrocentrus Kozur and Mostler 1979
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†Astrocentrus pulcher Kozur and Mostler 1979
G. †Bolena Hull 1997
G. †Carinaheliosoma Kozur and Mostler 1981
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†Carinaheliosoma carinata Kozur and Mostler 1979
G. Carposphaera Haeckel 1881
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†Carposphaera aberdeenae Riedel 1963
†Carposphaera equalis Aberdeen 1940
Invalid names: Carposphaera infracrinita Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Carposphaera jejuna Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Carposphaera macractinia Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Carposphaera magna Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Carposphaera nana Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium], Carposphaera pygmaea Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Cromyomma Haeckel 1862
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Invalid names: Cromyomma grandaevum Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Cromyosphaera Haeckel 1881
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†Cromyosphaera rotiforme Pulfrey 1932
Invalid names: Cromyosphaera alternans Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cromyosphaera distans Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cromyosphaera eminens Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cromyosphaera frequens Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cromyosphaera petschorae Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cromyosphaera prisca Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cromyosphaera radiata Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Elatomma Haeckel 1887
G. †Haliommetta Haeckel 1887
G. Mallanites O'Dogherty 1994
G. †Perispongidium Haeckel 1881
G. Prunopyle Dreyer 1889
G. Pseudacanthosphaera O'Dogherty 1994
G. Sphaeropyle Dreyer 1889
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Sphaeropyle langii Dreyer 1889
Invalid names: Sphaeropyle dreyeri Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Sphaeropyle entostoma Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Sphaeropyle eurystoma Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Sphaeropyle laevis Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Sphaeropyle multangularis Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Spongoplegma Haeckel 1882
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†Spongoplegma australe Hinde 1899
†Spongoplegma brevisphaera Aberdeen 1940
†Spongoplegma longispinosa Aberdeen 1940
Invalid names: Spongoplegma priscum Hinde 1890 [nomen dubium]
G. Staurosphaera Haeckel 1881
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†Staurosphaera amplissima Foreman 1973
†Staurosphaera antiqua Rüst 1885
†Staurosphaera crassispina Ruedemann and Wilson 1936
†Staurosphaera fluegeli Kozur and Mostler 1979
†Staurosphaera ornata Hinde 1899
†Staurosphaera rotunda Aberdeen 1940
†Staurosphaera sancta Ruedemann and Wilson 1936
Invalid names: Staurosphaera fragilis Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Staurosphaera quadrangularis Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Staurosphaera setispina Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Staurosphaeretta Squinabol 1904
G. †Stauroxiphos Haeckel 1887
G. Stuermeria Deflandre 1964
G. Tetracanthellipsis Squinabol 1903
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†Tetracanthellipsis euganeus Squinabol 1903
G. †Thaisphaera Sashida and Igo 1992
G. Thecosphaera Haeckel 1881
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†Thecosphaera hexpenetrata Aberdeen 1940
†Thecosphaera sexactis Rüst 1892
Invalid names: Thecosphaera sicula Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
G. Thecosphaerella Haeckel 1887
Invalid names: Actinomminae Takahashi 1991 [empty]
Fm. Ethmosphaeridae Haeckel 1862
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Subfm. Ethmosphaerinae Haeckel 1862
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G. Cenosphaera Ehrenberg 1854
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Subg. Cenosphaera (Chaunosphaera) Loeblich and Tappan 1961
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Invalid names: Cenosphaera (Porosphaera) Haeckel 1887 [replaced]
†Cenosphaera aberdeenae Furutani 1990
†Cenosphaera andoi Sugiyama 1992
†Cenosphaera antiqua Ruedemann and Wilson 1936
†Cenosphaera cabrierensis Deflandre 1973
†Cenosphaera hexagonalis Aberdeen 1940
†Cenosphaera hexata Pulfrey 1932
Cenosphaera plutonis Ehrenberg 1854
†Cenosphaera semiequalis Aberdeen 1940
†Cenosphaera variabilis Aberdeen 1940
Invalid names: Cenosphaera affinis Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera apiaria Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera carbonica Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera castanea Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera ingens Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera macropora Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera rossica Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera scitula Hinde 1899 [nomen dubium], Cenosphaera uralensis Rüst 1892 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. Plegmosphaerinae Haeckel 1881
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G. Dictyoplegma Haeckel 1862
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Invalid names: Dictyosoma Müller 1856 [replaced], Dictyosphagma Mivart 1878 [objective synonym], Spongodictyon Haeckel 1862 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cenosphaeridae Deflandre 1952 [synonym], Liosphaeridae Campbell 1954 [synonym]
Fm. Triposphaeridae Vinassa de Regny 1898
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G. Vinassaia Cossmann 1900
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Invalid names: Rustia Vinassa de Regny 1898 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: silicap
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: passively mobilep
Life habit: planktonicp
Diet: omnivorep
Created: 2005-01-28 01:13:47
Modified: 2005-01-28 03:13:47
Source: p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Changhsingian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 254.17000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 252.17 Ma

Collections (301 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Changhsingian254.17 - 252.17Thailand Cenosphaera rugosa (64497)
Smithian - Spathian251.3 - 247.2Thailand Cenosphaera rugosa (64504 64505 64507 64510 64511)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Japan (Tochigi) Thaisphaera igoi (220579)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Japan Cenosphaera andoi (95372)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) Staurosphaera sp. (220622)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Thailand (San Kamphaeng) Cenosphaera rugosa (220605 220606 220607 220611 220612)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Japan (Kanto) Thaisphaera minuta (220541 220548 220549 220552 220553 220556 220557 220558 220564 220565 220566 220567)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Thailand (Phatthalung) Thaisphaera minuta (220597)
Spathian - Aegean251.3 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Astrocentrus sp. (220581)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Cenosphaera sp. (95435) Cenosphaera sp., Astrocentrus pulcher (95437 95438 95442)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0New Zealand Thaisphaera igoi (95173)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Japan (Gifu) Acanthosphaera sp. (96065)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Hungary Astrocentrus sp. (153381 153386)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Thailand Acanthosphaera sp. (130492 130495 130496 130498 130499 130500 130505 130506 130521 130524 130525 130529 130530 130531) Acanthosphaera sp., Astrocentrus sp. (130491) Astrocentrus sp. (130485)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Thailand (San Kamphaeng) Actinomma sp., Cenosphaera igoi, Thaisphaera sp. (220618 220619) Actinomma sp., Thaisphaera sp. (220613 220614 220615 220616)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Cenosphaera sp. (220582) Cenosphaera sp., Astrocentrus pulcher (220583 220595 220596)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Thailand Actinomma sp., Cenosphaera igoi, Thaisphaera sp. (64517 64518) Actinomma sp., Thaisphaera sp. (64512 64513 64514 64515)
Illyrian - Fassanian247.2 - 235.0Slovakia Cenosphaera sp. (96140)
Middle Triassic - Carnian247.2 - 228.0Russian Federation (Primorsky Krai) Staurosphaera sp. (203012)
Ladinian242.0 - 237.0Hungary Ethmosphaerinae indet., Triposphaeridae indet. (99503 99504)