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Panthera leo (lion)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Felidae

Taxonomy
Felis leo was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant.

It was recombined as Panthera leo by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Jefferson (1991), Johnson et al. (2006) and Breitenmoser and Breitenmoser (2017).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1758Felis leo Linnaeus p. 41
1873Felis imperialis Leidy p. 260
1902Felis imperialis Hay p. 782
1911Felis leo Thomas p. 135
1968Felis leo Kurten p. 85
1980Panthera leo Kurten and Anderson p. 191
1991Panthera leo Jefferson
2006Panthera leo Johnson et al. p. 74
2017Panthera leo Breitenmoser and Breitenmoser p. 71

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderFeliformiaKretzoi 1945
superfamilyFeloideaHay 1930
familyFelidae
subfamilyFelinaeTrouessart 1885
genusPantheraOken 1816
speciesleo()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Panthera leo Linnaeus 1758 [lion]
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†Panthera leo atrox Leidy 1853
Invalid names: Felis imperialis Leidy 1873 [synonym], Panthera onca mesembrina Cabrera 1934 [synonym]
†Panthera leo spelaea Goldfuss 1810
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Body mass estimates
estimateequationreference
 102.3 kg Mammalia femur diameterGingerich 1990
 188.3 kg Mammalia humerus diameterGingerich 1990
 128.3 kg Mammalia tibia diameterGingerich 1990
mean: 135.2 kg
Measurements
partNmean
femur diameter127.3
humerus diameter136.8
radius diameter123.3
tibia diameter128.8

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialf
Diet: carnivoreg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Created: 2009-01-04 14:11:24
Modified: 2009-01-04 16:11:24
Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Van Valkenburgh 1988

Age range: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Holocene or 2.58800 to 0.00000 Ma

Collections (125 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.774South Africa Panthera leo (21791)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Kansas) Felis imperialis (19926)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa Panthera leo (22334)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya Panthera leo (21451)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781South Africa Panthera leo (21824)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Panthera spelaea (48580)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Germany (Thüringen) Panthera spelaea (43020)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781France (Alpes Maritimes) Felis leo (50342)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.774Kenya Panthera leo (21442)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Sicily) Panthera leo (94328)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Tanzania Panthera leo (190014)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Puglia) Panthera leo (44091)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Felis atrox, Panthera atrox (74143)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Libya Panthera leo (21864)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Greece (Chalkidiki) Panthera leo (183123)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Russian Federation Panthera spelaea (190074)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) Felis atrox (161194)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Morocco Panthera leo (22489)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Belgium Panthera leo (34127)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Greece (Peloponnisos) Panthera leo (34809)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117United Kingdom (Wales) Panthera leo (34940)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Mexico (Jalisco) Felis concolor (20285)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117South Africa Panthera leo (21695 21825 21929 21931 21953 21954 21956)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Spain (Segovia) Felis spelaea (36517)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Kenya Panthera leo (21963)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Verona) Panthera leo (43656)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Morocco Panthera leo (21856)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0South Africa Panthera leo (21711 21950 21957)
Calabrian1.8 - 0.774South Africa Panthera leo (21822)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Texas) Felis atrox (20533)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Kansas) Felis atrox (20166) Panthera atrox (20295)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3Mexico (Aguascalientes) Panthera atrox (20283)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Felis atrox (20520)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Maryland) Felis atrox, Panthera atrox (20302)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Nebraska) Felis atrox (20347)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (California) Felis atrox (20639)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Syria Panthera leo (67660)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Niedersachsen) Panthera leo (50249)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Morocco Panthera leo (34287 34330 42866)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg) Panthera leo (50199 50259)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Verona) Felis leo (43649 43654 43664) Panthera leo (43651 43653)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Italy (Trieste) Felis leo (43699)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129United Kingdom (Suffolk) Panthera leo (49814)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain Panthera leo (34926)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) Panthera leo (50196)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Spain (Castilla-Leon) Panthera leo (34927)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Turkey Panthera leo (43008)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Italy (Trieste) Felis leo (43702)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kazakhstan Panthera spelaea (40497)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117France (Poitou-Charentes) Panthera leo (43618)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.774 - 0.0117Kenya Panthera leo (21276 21277 22272)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Panthera atrox (195112)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (California) Felis atrox (152009)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (South Carolina) Panthera leo (79757)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Felis atrox (20615) Panthera atrox (20576)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Chile (Magallanes) Panthera atrox (141367)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti plains) Panthera leo (32124)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (Pali Aike) Panthera atrox (213010)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (San Luis Potosi) Felis atrox (71277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Panthera atrox (93277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Panthera leo (22066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation Panthera spelaea (216029 216030 216031 216032)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Panthera leo (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa Felis leo, Panthera leo (21709) Panthera leo (115184)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Wyoming) Panthera atrox (93181)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Quintana Roo) Panthera atrox (212363)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Peru Panthera sp. (71346)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Panthera atrox (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117France (Poitou-Charentes) Panthera leo (43629 43631) Panthera spelaea (43619)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain (Valencia) Panthera leo (221415)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom (England) Panthera leo (93828 96782)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Netherlands Panthera leo (109703) Panthera spelaea (82530)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile (Última Esperanza) Panthera atrox (213007 213008)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece (Ioannina) Felis spelaea (208564)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Panthera atrox (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Chile Panthera atrox (71341)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Greece Panthera leo (203847)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Argentina (Tierra del Fuego ) Panthera atrox (213009)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Peru (Piura) Felis atrox (144976)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Arizona) Felis atrox (93244)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Kenya (Athi-Kapiti) Panthera leo (32119)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Felis sp. (85142) Panthera leo (230753)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Panthera atrox, Panthera spelaea (232472)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Russian Federation (Respublika Saha (Jakutija)) Panthera spelaea (48587)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Nuevo Leon) Felis atrox (71345)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0India (West Bengal) Panthera leo (13456)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Panthera atrox (104680)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Bulgaria Felis leo (232847)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania Panthera leo (21690)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Zambia Panthera leo (21894)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa (N. Transraal) Panthera leo (21693)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Congo-Kinshasa Panthera leo (22068)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan Panthera leo (208786 208787)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Panthera leo (21896)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Panthera atrox (104033)